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2019-2020年高中英語 Module 3 Unit 2教案 牛津版必修3 一.詞匯 1. stand for （1）stand for 代表；象征 （2）倡導或者支持：Stand for freedom of the press. （3）接受；容忍We will not stand for impolite behavior. 知識拓展: 由Stand構(gòu)成的短語： stand against 反對；stand by 袖手旁觀stand behind 支持；stand on依靠，遵守；stand out伸出，引人注目；stand up for支持；保衛(wèi)；stand up to勇敢面對；頂?shù)米? 2. pick up 1) 撿起, 收拾; 2) 收聽,接收; 3) (用車)來接 4) (不是通過正規(guī)教育和指導)學會 5) (偶然)得到消息 6) (無意地廉價)買到 7) (生意)好轉(zhuǎn) 1) She went over to the crying child and picked her up. 2) I will pick you up at the airport at five. 3) We were able to pick up the BBC World Service. 4) She picked up Spanish and many a good habit when she was living in Mexico. 5) Trade usually picks up in the spring and the sales have picked up 14% this year. 6) You can pick up lots of used stamps very cheaply. 考題鏈接: (1) It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _______my friend. A turn out B bring out C call out D pick out (2)She________ Japanese when he was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. A picked out B made out C made up D picked up. 3. plus prep 1) 加上 2） =as well as 和 例： 1) 2 plus 5 is 7. 2) The teacher plus five students is going to Nanjing next week. adv = besides 另外 例：He has a strong army. Plus, it is highly trained. 4. contribute (sth) to 給….作出貢獻，捐贈 1）Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways. 2）The writer personally contributed $5000 to the Hope project. contribute to 導致，是…的成因之一 All these factors contributed to his success. 同義詞組：result in; lead to 5. control vt. 控制 The police couldn’t control the situation. n. 短語：lose control of 失去對…的控制； take control of sth 控制住… get out of control 失去控制； bring sth under control 把…控制住 例：1) He lost control of his temper. 2) An armed group took control of the school. 3) At first the fire got out of control. Fortunately, the fire was finally brought under control. 6. replace vt. 取代，替換 短語：sb replace A with B:用B取代A 同義短語： take one’s place=take the place of sb / sth… He was hurt and another player replaced him. 7. despite prep = in spite of盡管，不管，不顧 Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it. 8. promise vi. vt 許諾,答應 短語：promise (sb) to do sth; promise sb sth; promise sth to sb； promise sb that + clause -----Promise me (that) you won’t do anything stupid. ----- I promise. n. 諾言，承諾 promise (n) 構(gòu)成的常見詞組: make a promise keep a promise break a promise He has broken his promise that everyone will be given a rise. promising adj. 有前途的,有希望的, 會成功的 The weather is promising. He is a promising young singer. 9. access 1.) vt. 接近,利用,靠近 2.) n. 接近的機會，享用權(quán) accessible adj 可接近的，可進入的 短語：have access to sth / sb 有機會(使用或接近) Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village. 10. mix 混合、摻和 短語：mix A with B： 把A和B混合； A mix with B ：A和B相交融 mixture n 混合物; mixed adj 混合的，混雜的，男女混合的 11. consist vi 組成，構(gòu)成 A consist of B:A由B組成/構(gòu)成(無被動) 同義短語：A is made up of B 12. care about 1) 關(guān)心、關(guān)懷 例：He sincerely cares about his employees. 2) 在乎、在意 例：She didn’t care about anything people might say. care for 1) 喜歡、關(guān)心 例：The emperor cared for nothing more than new clothes. How the Party cares for us! 2) 照顧、照料 例：The children are well cared for in the kindergarten. 13. what if… 假設(shè)/如果…, 將會怎么樣 But the question is what if I still can’t understand the meanings. What if we moved the sofa over there? 3) What if we fail in the exam? 14. 表示“許多”的詞語歸納： 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞均可 many, a good /great many, a (large/great) number of, many a +n much, a great/good deal of, a great amount of a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large/great quantity of, quantities of _____ of students whose parents have _______ money go abroad for further study every year. A. A number; a great many B. A good many; a great deal of C. A number; a large amount of D.A great many; a great amount of 15、mind： 1)作名詞時，有以下幾種含義： 頭腦；大腦；智力。 思維；思考方式。His mind is as sharp as ever. 他思維敏銳，一如既往。 心思；記憶力。Keep your minds on your work!專心干你的活兒吧！ 2)作動詞，介意。 后接動詞-ing形式，也可接其復合結(jié)構(gòu)mind sb’s doing sth；用于“Do you mind…/Would you mind…”句型時，表示的是一種請求，其肯定的回答用“Go ahead. / Not at all. / Gertainly not.”；否定回答用“Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t.” 16. impact 構(gòu)成短語 have /make an impact on sth.= have a great effect on sth 對….有影響 The war made a remarkable impact on the economy. 碰撞，常和against連用We saw the impact of the current against the shore. impact v. 常與on/ upon 連用，意為沖擊；對….有影響The costs will impact on our profit. 17. raise vt. （1）飼養(yǎng)家禽，撫養(yǎng)（子女），種植 They have raised five children. They raise horses/ wheat （2）舉起，抬高I raised my hat to show my respect for him. （3）召集，籌集They want to raise money for the Hope Project （4）提出（問題建議等），相當于put forward。Raise a question/suggestion. 辨析 rise/ raise 1) 各自的過去式，過去分詞不同。 rise---rose—risen; raise—raised—raised 2) 詞性、詞義不同， rise 為不及物動詞，不可接賓語。常表示上升、上漲；起床；站起來等意義。raise 是及物動詞, 意為飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)，種植；舉起，抬高；提出等。 1) It’s hot today, the temperature has ________to 38 ℃ A raised B risen C lifted D rised. 2) They have ________ up to 20,000 yuan for the Hope Project A rose B rised C raised D risen. 18. adopt vt. (1) 采用，采納，采取Toward this we must adopt a critical attitude. (2) 正式批準，接受 The people’s congress adopted the budget. 人民代表大會通過了預算。 (3) 收養(yǎng) *adoption n.收養(yǎng)，采取。 An adopted son 養(yǎng)子， adoptive parents 養(yǎng)父母。 *adapt ① 使適應adapt (sb/oneself) to sth/doing sth. adapt one’s thinking to the new condition ② 改寫 be adapted from 由什么改寫而成 19. occasion n. 場合，機會時刻，常與on 連用I only wear ties on formal occasion. on this (that)occasion在這種（那種）場合 on the occasion of在...的時候, 值此之際on the occasion of her marriage 在她結(jié)婚典禮之際。 take/ seize…… occasion to抓住...的好時機, 乘機去做... 20. While（1）意思為“而，然而”；表示前后兩種狀況的對照。 After the Norman Conquest, upper class people spoke French while mon people spoke English. （2）意思為 “當….時候，在….期間”. 引導時間狀語從句，從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞或結(jié)構(gòu)，且常采用進行時。They arrived while we were having dinner. (3) 意為盡管，雖然；引導讓步狀語從句，相當于though 或although. While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved. 考題鏈接:（xx湖南）____ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A If B While C Because D As ( 08上海)-Are you ready for the Spain ? -Yes, I want the girls to experience that _____they are young. A while B until C if D before 21. ban-禁止，取締。 接名詞/動名詞 The government bans catching rare animals ban sb. from (doing) sth. He was banned from driving after the accident. *ban 可作名詞。意為“禁令”。 Place/put a ban on sth. The Chinese government put a ban on eating wild animals. 22. differ v. （1）有區(qū)別，不同，常與from 和in 連用，“與/在….方面不同”。 My brother and I are like in appearance, but differ in our tastes. Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation.（2）（人）看法不同，與….意見不同. differ with sb about/on sth.和某人對某事的意見相左I differ with you on this matter. difference n.差別，差異，不同之處 tell the difference between……and…in….說出….和……在……方面的不同。 make no/great difference 有（無，很大的）差別 Japanese is__ from French in pronunciation, that means, Japanese__ from French __ pronunciation. A different; differs; on B differs; different; in C different; differs; in D differ; differs; in 二、語言點 1、In this case, your goal is to confirm if what you think is correct or incorrect. case n. 1)[C]具體情況；事例；事實 2)案件；論據(jù)；理由。When will the case e before the court? 3)病例；病人；容器；箱子。There were many cases of flu that year. [歸納拓展 ] (1)in case意為“萬一……的話；以防，免得，以防萬一”， (2)in case of 如果，萬一 (3)in any case無論如何，反正，不管怎樣。 (4)in no case意為“決不，在任何情形下都不”，置于句首時要倒裝。。 (5)in this / that case假設(shè)這樣/那樣的話；在這種/那種情況下。 2、When you are late for a meeting, there is no need to say sorry. need 作名詞，可以構(gòu)成句型“There is a great need / no need(for sb.)to do sth.”，意為“(某人)非常有(沒有)必要做……”。 [歸納拓展] there be 結(jié)構(gòu)可以擴展為其他很多句型，也可以和各種時態(tài)連用，如there will be, there have been, there is going to be 等。如： there be 和 doing / done連用，和doing 連用，表示主動關(guān)系；和done 連用，是被動關(guān)系。如： ①There is man_________________________有個人坐在門口。 ②There was a car _____________________. 昨晚有輛汽車被偷了。 3.occur意為“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)”，是不及物動詞，常和介詞to連用，相當于動詞happen，不能用于被動語態(tài)。如： ____________________________________？那次事故是什么時候發(fā)生的？ [歸納拓展] occur常用于句型“It occurs(to sb.)that…”中，表示“……浮現(xiàn)于腦際，使……想起”。 __________________________________ that he might be in trouble. 我怎么也沒有想到他會遇上麻煩。 4、However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. as a whole總體上；作為一個整體。 [歸納拓展] 1)whole作名詞，常與定冠詞the 連用，用作the whole of,意為“全部；全體”； 2)on the whole 大體上；基本上；總的看來 On the whole，I’m satisfied with her progress. one’s whole life 某人的一生；one’s whole heart 全心全意 The whole afternoon=all the afternoon. 整個下午 5、However, not all characters are used to describe object. 此句是部分否定，意為“并不是所有的……”，也可改寫成all characters are not used to…，not和all，every, each, both等連用時，常只表示“部分否定”。如： ① Not all men can be masters. ② Not every book is educative. 如果要表達全部否定，就要用none, no, nothing, no one, neither等。 6. That is why English is a language with so many confusing rules. 那就是為什么英語有那么多令人費解的規(guī)則的原因。 That’s why…那就是為什么, 那就是….的原因, why 引導表語從句。 confuse v. ① 使迷惑，使糊涂The difficult question confused him. ② 誤認為甲是乙，混淆， confuse A with/and B I confused her with her sister because they are so alike. 7. be made up of =consist of（無被動）= be posed of由… 組成，由… 構(gòu)成 知識拓展 : ①make up 的用法 捏造，虛構(gòu)；The whole story was made up. 化妝,打扮; It took her an hour to make up for the party. 組成 Women make up 3% of the workforce. 補足 We still need 100 dollars to make up the sum they asked for. Make up for 補償,彌補, Hard word can make up for the lack of intelligence. 和解 Have you made up with Patty yet. ②consist in在于，存在于The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colors. ③consist with 與…一致, 相符。Theory should consist with practice. 考題鏈接 1. American Indians ______ about five percent of the U.S. population.. A fill up B bring up C make up D set up 2. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _____ jokes. ( 05江蘇) A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up 3. The Group of Eight (G8)_________ the eight richest countries in the world. A is consisted of B is made up C consists in D consists of 三、語法 （一）1t的用法 人稱用法 人稱用法是指it可以用來代替一個名詞、一個短語、一個從句或一個句子，以避免它們在句中的重復。這時它可以指提到過的，也可以指未提到過的，在句中作主語或賓語。 （1）指非生物、動植物和不明性別的嬰兒。 （2）指成員眾多的集體 The acrobats performed for a large audience last night. It was very excited by the show. （3）指某一動作或事情 I like dancing,but she doesnt like it. 指示用法 指示用法是指it用在句型“It is/was+表語”中，指明某人或某物的身份。這時它可以代替this或that，作用同this或that，指提到過的或未提到過的。 Whats that? Its a puter. 先行用法 （1）指代不定式。（2）指代動詞-ing形式。（3）指代名詞性從句。 無人稱用法 （1）用于表示自然現(xiàn)象、時間、距離、環(huán)境等。 Is it cold in this room? No, it isnt. （2）用于以連系動詞seem, appear, look, happen等作謂語，后接一個that從句的句中。 It seems that he is always correct. It appears that she is an experienced teacher. 1、It作形式主語的句型 （1.）It takes + (sb.) + sometime / some money + to do sth. 買那樣一幢房子需要很多錢。 （2） It takes + 名詞 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事需要… … It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak. （3）It is + 形容詞 + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是… …的 常用于該句型的形容詞比較多。for sb. 的句型 常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, fortable, necessary, better等。of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 等。 （4） It is + 名詞 + to do sth. 做某事是… …的 常用于該句型的名詞有：manners, duty, fun, good, a great honour, the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough等。 It is our duty to pay taxes to our government. (5) It is + one’s turn + to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 （6） It is + up to sb. + to do sth. 做某事是某人的責任或義務(wù) It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應竭盡所能地給予他們幫助。 2. it 代指動名詞短語的句型 （1）. It is + 名詞 + doing sth. 做某事是… … 用于該句型的名詞有：no good, no use, hard work, a nuisance, a waste of time, a great honour等。 It is hard work keeping the grass green at this time of year. （2） It is + 形容詞 + doing sth. 做某事真… … 用于該句型的形容詞有：pleasant, useless, senseless, worthwhile, dangerous等。 It was pleasant meeting you in London that day. ㈢ it 代指名詞性從句的句型 （1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句 用于該句型中的名詞有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news, no wonder等。 慣用句型有： It is mon knowledge that…　 ……是常識It is a surprise that…　　 令人驚奇的是…… It is a fact that…　　　　 事實是…… （2） It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 … … 是 … … 用于該句型中的形容詞有：clear, obvious, true, certain, important, strange, natural, surprising, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual等。 慣用句型有： It is necessary that…　　　 有必要…… It is important that…　　　 重要的是…… It is obvious that…　　　　 很明顯…… （3）. It + be + -ed 分詞 + that從句 據(jù)… …是… …的 常見的過去分詞有：said, reported, learned, announced, known, decided, expected, believed, considered, declared, felt, hoped, seen, supposed, thought, understood等。 慣用句型有： It is said that…　　 據(jù)說　　 It is reported that… 據(jù)報道　　　 It is believed that…　大家相信　　　　 It is hoped that…　大家希望 It is well known that… 眾所周知　　 It is thought that…　大家認為 It is suggested that…　據(jù)建議　　　　　 It has been decided that… 大家決定　　 It must be remembered that…務(wù)必記住的是 （4） It + 及物動詞 + 名詞 + 從句 It makes no difference to me whether it’s foggy or clear. It doesn’t make any difference to me whether he goes or not. It makes no matter whether you arrive first or last --- there’s enough food for everyone, whatever time they arrive. （5）. It + 不及物動詞 + that分句 常見的不及物動詞有：seem, happen, look, appear, e about, turn out, occur等。 慣用句型有： It appears that…　　　 似乎…… It (so) happens (that)…　?。敲矗┡銮伞? It occurred to me that…　　 我突然想起…… It seems that he is sick. (= He seems to be sick.) （6）. It doesn’t matter (to sb.) + 從句 （對）… …都無所謂 It doesn’t matter to me what he says. 注意：It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動詞要用should 加動詞原形， should 可省略。 其句型為： 　　　　(1)suggested It is　 (2)important　　　　that…+ (should) do 　　　　(3) a pity (1) suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do (2) important, necessary, natural, strange + (should) do (3) a pity, a shame, no wonder + (should) do二、 It 作形式賓語的句型 3. it 代指不定式短語的句型 （1） 主語 + find(make, feel) it + adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth. I find it easy enough to get on with Tom. （2） 主語 + find(make, feel) it + n. + to do sth. He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Smith. 4. it 代指動名詞短語的句型 （1）主語 + think + it + n. + doing sth. We thought it no use doing that. （2）主語 + think + it + adj. + doing sth. I don’t think it worthwhile taking such trouble.我想不值得這么費事了。 5. it 代指名詞性從句的句型 （1） 主語 + find(make, think) it + n. + that從句 I consider it a great shame that I didn’t pass the examination. （2） 主語 + find(make, think) it + adj. + that從句 （3） 主語 + take it for granted + that從句 I take it for granted that you will be ing to the meeting. （4）. I hate(like, enjoy, love) + it + when從句 我不喜歡/喜歡 … … 該句型中it用于hate, like, enjoy, love等動詞后，充當形式賓語。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 6. It 用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句型 It is/was … not … (被強調(diào)部分)+ that… 是… …而不是… … It is/was not …but …(被強調(diào)部分)+that…不是……而是…… 26. It is/was because … … + that … … 是因為… … 才… … 7. It 用于特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型 （1）. It is + time + for sb. to do sth　 到……時間了; 該到……了It is + time(about time, high time) + (that) sb. did sth. 時間已遲了; 早該……了 （2） It is + the first / second time（表次數(shù)）+ that從句 這是第一次 /第二次… … 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. （3）. It be+ 一段時間 + since從句 （4）. It be + 一段時間+ before從句 好久… … 就 … … 該結(jié)構(gòu)中be可以換用其他半系動詞，也可以用將來時。 It was some time before he could speak.過了好一會以后他才說出話來。 It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎過了好一會兒才輪到我。 It may be many years before we meet again.我們可能要好多年以后才能見面。 8. 固定習語句型 （1） It / That (all) depends. 要看情況而定 --- Can you e to the party tonight?--- It all depends when I finish my paper. （2）It’s /That’s too bad + (that)從句 太不幸了；太可惜了；真糟糕 It is too bad Jack doesn’t know German better. （3）When / If it es / came to the point, … … 到了緊要關(guān)頭；到采取行動或作出決定的時候When it came to the point, he refused to help.到了緊要關(guān)頭時他卻拒絕援助。 （4）.see to it that……務(wù)必；確保 Can you see to it that the fax goes this afternoon?你能確保今天下午就把傳真發(fā)出去嗎？ 1 It took us over an hour ___________ along the street.　 A. walk　 B. to walk　 C. walking D. walked 2 I think it a great honour ___________ to visit your country.　 A. to invite B. inviting C. having invited D. to be invited 3 Many people now make ___________ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.　 A. themselves　 B .it　　　 C. that　 D. this 4 ___________ is very clear to everyone that he is round and tall like a tree.　 A. This　 B. What　 C. That　 　　 D. It 5 In the United States, bus travel doesn’t cost much as train travel, ___________ ?　 A. don’t they B. does it C. do they D. doesn’t it 6 Someone is at the door, who is ___________?　 A. this　 B. that　 C. it　　 D. he 7 ___________ raining hard for three hours without stopping.　 A. It is　 B. It was　 C. It has been　 D. It had been 8 Has ___________ been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?　 A. that　 B. this C. it　　 D. what 9. —Did Li Lei call me while I was out?　 —Yes, it was ___________ that called you.　 A. him　　 B. he　 C. who　 D. whom 10 Nothing is wrong with the radio, ___________?　 A. isn’t it　 B. is that　 C. is it　 D. isn’t that 11 It’s the second time you ___________ late this week.　 A. arrive　　 B. arrived C. have arrived 　 D. had arrived 12 It will not be ___________ we meet again.　 A. long before　 B. before long C. soon after　 D. shortly after 13 It’s demanded that we ___________ there on foot.　 A. not to go　 B. don’t go C. not go　 D. won’t go 14 It was not until 1936 ___________ basketball became a regular part of the Olympic Games.　 A. that　　　 B. when　　 C. which　　 D. then 15 ___________ you met the Englishman?　 A. Where it was that B. Who it was that C. Where was it that　 D. Where was that （二）名詞性從句 定義：名詞性從句是由if, whether, that, how和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句，其功能同名詞一樣。 類型：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句 用法： 1、主語從句：在復合句中做主句的主語。引導詞有連詞that (that 不可省),whether; 代詞有who, what ,which; 副詞 when ,where, how, why 等。如: A. That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.) B. When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) 2.賓語從句：在復合句中做主句的賓語.引導詞有連詞that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if; 代詞有who, whose, what ,which; 副詞 when ,where, how, why 等。如: A. We believe (that) he is honest. B. I told him (that) I would e back soon. C. He said (that) he would go there the next day and that his family wouldn’t go there. 3、表語從句：在復合句中做主句的表語.引導詞有連詞that (that 不可省),whether; 代詞有who, what ,which;副詞 when ,where, how, why 等。如: A. The problem is that we didn’t get in touch with him. B. This is how Henry solved the problem. (如果句子的主語是suggestion, advice, order等名詞時,后面引導的表語從句用should+動詞原形,should可省略.) 4、同位語從句：在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。引導詞有連that；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等。如： A. The thought that we might succeed excited us. B. The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. C. The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. (如果名詞suggestion,advice.order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形,should可省略.) 注意 1、注意that 的用法(that引導名詞性從句時在從句中不做任何成分，也沒有具體的意義。其他連接詞在引導從句時都做相應的成分并有具體的意思。) ①主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如： A. ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall. B. Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney. C. SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldetoChinaoneday. ②賓語從句中的連接詞that有時可省有時又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略： 當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時，that不可省略； 當that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，that不能??； 當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。如： A. Hejudgedthat becausehewasach