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第4講 說明文,【典例】(2013安徽高考) If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 36 reason, such as your job or your studies? 37 perhaps you’re interested in the 38 , films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 39 of the language.,Most people learn best using a variety of 40 , but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people. They 41 an environment where you can practice under the 42 of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead 43 lives and learning a language takes 44 . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a 45 . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes 46 .,Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too 47 , ”they say. Yes, children do learn languages more 48 than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any 49 . And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people 50 about the mistakes they make when 51 . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes 52 you’re much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never 53 . But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be 54 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in 55 own language. Good luck!,36. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical 37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or 38. A. literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine 39. A. view B. knowledge C. form D. database 40. A. paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers 41. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide 42. A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure 43. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal,44. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place 45. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project 46. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more 47. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired 48. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly 49. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school 50. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel 51. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning,52. A. if B. and C. but D. before 53. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy 54. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed 55. A. their B. his C. our D. your,【解題思路】 第一步 明對(duì)象 順脈絡(luò) 本文是說明文, 說明的對(duì)象是學(xué)習(xí)新語言。第一段指出要知道為 什么學(xué)習(xí)新語言; 第二段介紹了學(xué)習(xí)新語言的方式和學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間; 第三 段解釋了年齡不是新語言學(xué)習(xí)的障礙; 最后一段是鼓舞和激勵(lì)。 第二步 品原文 析選項(xiàng) (一)部分答案直接選 以下題目, 在第一遍閱讀時(shí)即可選出; 你能寫出它們的答案嗎? 41. __; 45. __; 48. __; 49. __,D,C,B,A,(二)邏輯題目細(xì)推斷 36. 根據(jù)后文提到工作和學(xué)習(xí)可知, 這是一些實(shí)際原因。故選__。 40. 根據(jù)后文傳統(tǒng)課堂可知, 此處介紹學(xué)習(xí)方法。故選__。 42. 根據(jù)后文good at提示, 學(xué)得好的人可以提供指導(dǎo)。故選__。 43. 后文談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間, 所以此處說我們都過著忙碌的生活。故選__。 44. 后文談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間, 所以此處說學(xué)習(xí)語言花費(fèi)時(shí)間。故選__。 47. 后文談?wù)撃挲g問題, 所以此處應(yīng)該是太老。故選__。 50. 根據(jù)后文mistakes推斷, 人們擔(dān)心犯錯(cuò)誤。故選__。 55. 此處代指的是前面的some people。故選__。,C,C,C,A,B,A,A,A,(三)依照語境詞義辨 37. 根據(jù)語境信息, 此處是學(xué)習(xí)原因的選擇, 故選__。 38. 根據(jù)空后films or music提供的語境, 選__。 46. 根據(jù)but前后的轉(zhuǎn)折, 以及前文take years提示, 可知此處指用時(shí)間 少得多。故選__。 54. 當(dāng)你只是用他們的語言說幾句話時(shí), 他們積極的反應(yīng)會(huì)讓你驚訝。 故選__。,D,A,B,B,(四)重復(fù)詞匯直接選 51. 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上文反復(fù)出現(xiàn)learn, 故選__。 (五)搭配題目填一填 39. have a __________ of是固定搭配, 意為“了解”。故選__。 52. 固定句型“祈使句+and+陳述句”, 故選__。 (六)依據(jù)常識(shí)選答案 53. 根據(jù)常識(shí), 學(xué)習(xí)一種新語言是不簡(jiǎn)單的。故選__。,D,knowledge,B,B,D,1. 體裁技巧——說明文 (1)說明文特點(diǎn) 說明文完形填空一般有明確的說明對(duì)象, 這個(gè)對(duì)象可以是實(shí)物, 抽象的理論、概念、方法、技巧或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、節(jié)日慶典等。 說明文完形填空最大的特點(diǎn)就是主題明確, 層次分明。一般在文章開頭就明確交代要說明的對(duì)象, 然后對(duì)該對(duì)象的某些方面進(jìn)行說明。一般每個(gè)段落介紹一個(gè)方面, 結(jié)構(gòu)非常明了。,(2)解題技巧 針對(duì)說明文的特點(diǎn), 在做說明文完形填空時(shí)要注意以下兩個(gè)方面: ①明確說明對(duì)象, 理清段落關(guān)系。 說明文的首段一般就將主題明確地告訴讀者, 在瀏覽全文時(shí), 要注意把握文章的主題。同時(shí), 要分清各個(gè)段落之間的關(guān)系, 搞清楚分別是說明對(duì)象的哪一方面的特征。 ②理清說明順序, 分析說明手段。 說明文完形填空一般會(huì)按照時(shí)間、空間、情節(jié)發(fā)展等順序來展開, 并運(yùn)用舉例、對(duì)比、演繹、歸納等方式進(jìn)行介紹或說明。掌握這個(gè)特點(diǎn), 可以系統(tǒng)地分析文章, 提高對(duì)題率。,2. 考點(diǎn)技巧——利用背景常識(shí)解題 完形填空作為獨(dú)立的語篇, 以其自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語篇信息, 但其中滲透著相關(guān)的文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)。在做題時(shí), 若能積極調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí), 特別是有關(guān)中西文化差異的知識(shí), 將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化分析過程, 最大程度地還原文意, 節(jié)約時(shí)間, 順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。,【典例1】(2015重慶高考)“I hope I did the right thing, Mom, ”Alice said. “I saw a cat, all bloody but alive. I 19 (carried) it to the vet’s(寵物醫(yī)院), and was asked to make payment 20 . As I couldn’t reach anyone at the phone number on the cat’s tag(標(biāo)牌), I had to pay the bill. ” 20. A. monthly B. honestly C. generously D. immediately 【點(diǎn)撥】背景常識(shí)題。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知, 在醫(yī)院里要馬上付費(fèi)。immediately立刻, 馬上, 符合語境。故選D。,【典例2】(2015北京高考)Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 36 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. 36. A. sat B. stood C. lay D. walked 【點(diǎn)撥】背景常識(shí)題。他們肩并肩坐在鋼琴邊, 彈奏爵士樂。根據(jù)常識(shí), 彈鋼琴時(shí), 要坐著彈。故選A。,【典例3】(2014新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. 43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going 【點(diǎn)撥】背景常識(shí)題。小孩當(dāng)然是很高興地?cái)[弄玩耍自己的新玩具。孩子們?cè)谑フQ節(jié)都會(huì)收到禮物, 這是文化背景。故選C。,【典例4】(2015浙江高考)As they left student life behind, many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and 24 (moved) out of small apartments into high buildings. 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 【點(diǎn)撥】背景常識(shí)題。根據(jù)As they left student life behind可知當(dāng)他們告別學(xué)生生活的時(shí)候, 很多人會(huì)在當(dāng)?shù)丶缺阋擞钟押玫木瓢衫锖褪矣褌兒壬献詈笠淮? 所以A項(xiàng)正確。,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 【典例】(2014湖南高考)But ironing shirts was not 39 (easy) work. It didn’t make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn’t a 40 operation like ice-skating. 40. A. direct B. single C. smooth D. strange 【點(diǎn)撥】背景常識(shí)題。熨衣服也不像滑冰那樣可以平滑地操作。此題解題的關(guān)鍵是要有關(guān)于滑冰的常識(shí): 滑冰時(shí)動(dòng)作非常流暢。如果沒有這方面的常識(shí)就有可能錯(cuò)選其他選項(xiàng)。另外, 背景常識(shí)題也要結(jié)合語境, 看看語境需要哪種常識(shí), 做出正確選擇。故選C。,