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2019-2020年高考英語 閱讀微技能訓練 人物傳記 I. 任務傳記類類文章的特點 [Example 1] When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951，her mother told her，“Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn’t work out，you’ll have something to rely on. ”Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on，“the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course，”she recalls. The show business thing worked out，of course. In her career，Mary won many awards. Only recently，when she began to write Growing Up Again，did she regret ignoring her mom. “I don’t know how to use a puter，”she admits. Unlike her 1995 autobiography，After All，her second book is less about life as an awardwinning actress and more about living with diabetes．All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)，an organization she serves as international chairman.“I felt there was a need for a book like this，”she says. “I didn’t want to lecture，but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we’re self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.” But she hasn’t always practiced what she teaches. In her book，she describes that awful day，almost 40 years ago，when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First，she had lost the baby she was carrying and second，tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act，she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈)． Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes，not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit，overe her addiction to alcohol，and begin to follow a balanced diet. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor，she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask，‘why me？’about something or other，”she insists. “It doesn’t do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache pain，and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I’ve e to realize the importance of that as I’ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.” 1. Why did Mary feel regretful? A. She didn’t achieve her ambition. B. She didn’t take care of her mother. C. She didn’t plete her high school. D. She didn’t follow her mother’s advice. 2. We can know that before 1995 Mary ________. A. had two books published B. received many career awards C. knew how to use a puter D. supported the JDRF by writing 3. Mary’s second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her ________. A. living with diabetes B. successful show business C. service for an organization D. remembrance of her mother 4. When Mary received the life-changing news，she ________. A. lost control of herself B. began a balanced diet C. tried to get a treatment D. behaved in an adult way Summary: 人物傳記是記敘文體的一種，主要描寫某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，這類文章常采用倒敘的寫作方法，即首先用幾句話來簡單介紹這個人，接著介紹這個人的出生、成長過程，然后再記述他(她)一兩件主要的事情或業(yè)績，來反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者會對他(她)進行評論，從而表達作者對他(她)的情感。該類命題既注重考查對特定細節(jié)理解的準確性，又注重考查推理判斷能力。 II. Practice Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner. 　　Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies two daughters. Along with nice other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Svign in Paris. 　　Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military Medal by the French government. 　　In 1918, Irene became her mothers assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later. 　　Like her mother, Irene bined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity (輻射能). Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17,1956. 1．Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal? 　　A. Because she received a degree in mathematics. 　　B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded. 　　C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic. 　　D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother. 2．Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot? 　　A. At the Curie Institute.　　　　B. At the University of Paris. 　　C. At a military hospital.　　D. At the College of Svign. 3．When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born? 　　A. In 1932.　B. In 1927.　C. In 1897.　D. In 1926. 4．In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother? 　　A. Irene worked with radioactivity.　　B. Irene bined family and career. 　　C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once.　　D. Irene died from leukemia. B Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile. But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the worlds first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a cars parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line. In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Fords most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself. The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Fords. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began. The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well- known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile pany. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the pany. That sale was the beginning of Henry Fords dream. Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.” The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model Ts were built in the first few years. 5．What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1 ? A. He made good use of ideas from others. B. He produced the first car in the world. C. He knew how to improve auto parts. D. He invented the production line. 6．Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race? A. To show off his driving skills. B. To draw public attention. C. To learn about new technology. D. To raise money for his new pany. 7．“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people C. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor D. the sales target for the Ford pany 8．What was Henry Fords dream according to the text? A. Producing cars for average customers. B. Building racing cars of simple design. C. Designing more car models. D. Starting more panies. C Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed herself as she did nowhere else. After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate (巨頭) Aristotle Onassis, Jacquelines close friend and former White House social secretary Letitia Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishing. After consideration, Jacqueline accepted it. Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life. She became not less but more interested in reading. For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publishers editor，first at Viking, then at Doubleday, pursuing a late-life career longer than her two marriages bined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes. She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversations into a book, The Power of Myth. The book went on to bee an international best-seller. She dealt, too, with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography，Moonwalk. Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote. Her role as First Lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However,few knew that she had achieved so much. 9．We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline ________. A．became fond of reading after working as an editor B．was in charge of publishing 100 books C．promoted her books through social relations D．gained a lot from her career as an editor 10．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ________. A．Jacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First Lady B．Jacquelines life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editor C．Jacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First Lady D．Jacquelines role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor 11．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Jacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 years. B．Jacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually. C．Jacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited. D．Jacquelines achievements were widely known. 12．The passage is mainly ________. A．an introduction of Jacquelines life both as First Lady and as an editor B．a brief description of Jacquelines lifelong experiences C．a brief account of Jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 years D．an analysis of Jacquelines social relations in publishing D Arthur Miller (1915—xx) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary, drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s. Millers most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner pany, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, xx, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway. 13．Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA? A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country. B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream.” C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist. D. His family business failed 14．The play Death of a Salesman________. A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a pany C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller D. focuses on the skills in doing business 15．What can we learn about Willy Loman? A. He treats his employer badly. B. He runs the Wagner pany. C. He is a victim of the American system. D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. 16．After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman________. A. achieved huge success B. won the first Tony Award C. was warmly weled by salesmen D. was severely attacked by dramatists 17．What is the text mainly about? A. Arthur Miller and his family. B. The awards Arthur Miller won. C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play. EXAMPLE: 【文章大意】 本文主要介紹了瑪麗摩爾職業(yè)生涯及與病魔之爭。 1. D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom. “I dont know how to use a puter，” she admits.可判斷選D。 2. B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards.”可判斷選B。 3. A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“her second book is less about life as an awardwinning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病)．”可判斷選A。 4. A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her.”可判斷選A。 5. C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Mary Moore 所說的話“Ive e to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”可推斷她想盡可能地去幫助他人，故選C。 A答案與解析 　　1.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后三句可知，居里夫人的女兒艾琳居里之所以獲得軍人獎章是因為她在搶救傷員方面做出了很多貢獻。 　　2.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句可知，艾琳居里是在居里研究所遇到后來成為她丈夫的弗雷德里克約里奧。 　　3.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，他們的第一個孩子出生于1927年，第二個孩子是五年后出生的，也就是1932年。 　　4.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內容可知，艾琳居里與自己的母親有很多相似之處，唯一不同的就是，她只獲得一次諾貝爾獎，而母親獲得過兩次。 B答案與解析 1．A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“What Henry Ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better”．可知，A項符合題意。 2．B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Fords most famous race was his first one.”可知，B項符合題意。 3．C　詞義猜測題。由第四段畫線單詞前的一句“In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the pany.”以及畫線單詞所在的一句可知，C項符合題意。 4．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的 That sale was the beginning of Henry Fords dream. Ford said：“ I will build a motor car for the great mass of people... making good money will be unable to own one.”可知，A項符合題意。 C答案與解析 1．D　細節(jié)理解題。由短文第一段中的“...she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed herself as she did nowhere else”可推出她在自己的編輯事業(yè)中獲益很大。故選D項。 2. C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)畫線句后面的“然而，很少有人知道她取得了這么多成就”可知，畫線句的含義是：她作為第一夫人的角色最終在她作為編輯的出色表現(xiàn)前黯然失色。故選C項。 3．C　推理判斷題。由最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.”即她編輯的書籍就是她從來沒有寫過的自傳。由此可知，她的觀點和信仰都反映在她所編輯的書籍中。故選C項。 4．C　主旨大意題。由短文第一段中“...as an editor in the last two decades of her life...”以及整篇文章的敘述可知，本文主要介紹Jacqueline 生命中最后20年的編輯生涯。故選C項。 D答案與解析 1．B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria??Hungary，drawn like so many others by the ‘Great American Dream’”可知，他父親移居美國像其他許多人一樣是受當年偉大的美國夢吸引。 2.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這部戲劇對美國制度是一個抨擊，它表現(xiàn)了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及堅信金錢和社會地位才是財富的象征。主人公Willy陷入困境，然而生意場上殘酷無情：如果他做不了，那么對老板而言，他就一無是處，他必須離開。故此部戲劇揭露了美國職場的殘酷。 3．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.”可知主人公面對失敗無所適從，無法面對現(xiàn)實，從而走向毀滅，成了美國資本主義制度下美國夢的犧牲者。故選C項。 4.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，這部戲劇自1949第一次搬上銀幕就獲得了“托尼戲劇音樂獎”、“紐約戲劇評論獎”、“普利策戲劇獎”三項大獎，獲得極大的成功。因此A項正確。