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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材課文要點(diǎn)Module4SandstormsinAsia夯基提能作業(yè)外研版必修 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 　　閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (xx江西師大附中模擬三,D) Scientists found sea levels are rising faster today than anytime over the past 3,000 years. The sea level researchers gathered information going back 28 centuries, and their findings were released Monday by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Robert Kopp, from Rutgers University in New Jersey, is the paper’s lead author. He said the 20th century rise was “extraordinary” when pared to the past 3,000 years. And, Kopp said, “The rise over the last two decades has been even faster.” Scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration reported that temperatures at the North Pole hit record highs in January. This news es after xx has been the hottest year ever recorded. The earlier estimates show that temperatures around the Earth have risen more than a half degree Celsius since 1880. Scientists say that most of that rise is because of emissions, or gases, released into the air by machines that humans have built. When temperatures rise, so do sea levels. That is because snow and ice melt, or break off from glaciers. They flow into the sea. The increased water makes the sea levels rise. And it is not going to get better. The water is going to rise, said Stefan Rahmstorf, the study’s co-author. “I think we can definitely be confident that the sea level rise is going to continue to accelerate if there’s further warming.” he told The New York Times. He said, “inevitably there will be more warming”, which means it will continue to rise. One question is how much will the sea levels rise? And for how long? The researchers said the Earth’s sea level could rise more than a meter by the year 2100. 1.Scientists’ findings about the sea level rise are based on the information through 　　　. A.20 centuries B.28 centuries C.3,000 years D.two decades 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A.The North Pole had the highest temperature in xx. B.xx is the hottest year throughout the history of the earth. C.Global temperatures have risen a half degree Celsius since 1880. D.Human activities should be responsible for most of the global temperature rise. 3.Why do sea levels rise according to the passage? A.Water expands when heated. B.When temperatures rise, it rains a lot. C.Snow and ice melt and its water flows into the sea. D.Scientists haven’t found the reason so far. 4.What does this article mainly talk about? A.The consequences of sea levels’ rise. B.Sea levels rise with temperatures’ rise. C.The reasons of high temperatures. D.Global temperatures have hit a record high. Ⅱ.七選五 　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 (xx湖南郴州模擬) Do you want to know how to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle? Here is a short list of ways that you can help protect the environment. ★Prevent energy leaks(遺漏)at home. Heating and cooling can make up 50 percent of your energy bill each month.　1　So you’ll save money and reduce your influence on the environment. ★Plant trees in your yard and munity. Everyone knows that planting trees can help the environment.　2　Trees cool your home, reducing the energy used for cooling. Trees improve mental health. Trees reduce noise pollution. ★　3　 If you use ceiling fans during hot summer days, you can create a cooling environment. A few ceiling or regular fans properly placed in your home can reduce the amount of time you spend with the air conditioning on. ★Use solar energy more often. 　4　There are lots of inexpensive solar products you can try out. For example, solar-powered lights. How about solar cell phone chargers? Additionally, there are many forms of passive solar energy that can help you take advantage of the sun. ★Think about green transportation. Just sit and think about a few environmentally friendly ways you can get from one place to another.　5　You can walk or bike to the corner store. Walking instead of driving to a store is a great way to help protect the environment! A.Trees have many good influences. B.Use natural wind to dry your clothes. C.There are many ways to use solar power. D.Use ceiling fans to cool off in summer. E.You can take a bus when going to the movie theater. F.Turn off lights and electronic devices when you’re not using them. G.You can heat and cool your home more efficiently by fixing leaks. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 (xx福建福州5月模擬) 　　It was a classic night. The noisy Mexico City gradually 　1　. The main stadium of Olympic track and field petition was enveloped in the 　2　. After he 　3　making the scenes the marathon winners received the trophies (獎(jiǎng)品)and marked the victory, Greenspan, the world famous newsreel(新聞?dòng)捌?producer, found the stadium 　4　. It was time for him to return to the hotel for a rest. He was about to 　5　when he saw a bandaged man with his right leg stained with 　6　run into the stadium. This man ran 　7　out of breath, but he didn’t stop. After he ran along the runway for a circle and got to the 　8　, he collapsed on the ground. Greenspan guessed this was a marathon athlete. Out of 　9　, he went over to ask why he wanted to run to the goal with such great 　10　. The young man called Kowari from Tanzania replied gently,“That my 　11　sent me here is 　12　to let me stand on the starting line in the petition, but make me 　13　the game. I want to run to the goal, though I have 　14　all other runners, but I have a clear goal like them: I will run to the goal. Though the audience won’t 　15　me any more, my motherland is 　16　me from behind...” Tears welled up in Greenspan’s eyes. Soon, he spread the most 　17　scene in the history of the Olympic Games to every corner of the world. Life should include a dream of reaching the peak, 　18　we should understand not everybody has the 　19　to do it. The most important is not whether we can reach the peak but whether we have made the greatest 　20　—to reach the goal in the mind is a success. 1.A.woke up B.calmed down C.faded away D.died away 2.A.noise B.darkness C.cold D.laughter 3.A.finished B.started C.kept D.continued 4.A.dirty B.crowded C.empty D.dangerous 5.A.sleep B.speak C.arrive D.leave 6.A.sweat B.blood C.water D.mud 7.A.swiftly B.lamely C.excitedly D.hurriedly 8.A.goal B.gate C.entrance D.exit 9.A.fear B.panic C.curiosity D.gratitude 10.A.expectation B.difficulty C.enthusiasm D.disappointment 11.A.fans B.parents C.coach D.country 12.A.only B.just C.not D.truly 13.A.win B.enjoy Cplete D.experience 14.A.fallen behind B.fought against Cpeted with D.learned from 15.A.cheer B.trust C.admire D.choose 16.A.warning B.seizing C.criticizing D.watching 17.A.grateful B.mysterious C.touching D.outstanding 18.A.but B.so C.until D.unless 19.A.time B.money C.courage D.ability 20.A.efforts B.profits C.differences D.achievements 答案精解精析 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)海平面一直在上升,近年來(lái)速度在加快。造成海平面上升的原因當(dāng)然是氣溫的上升導(dǎo)致了冰川的融化。 1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的The sea level researchers gathered information going back 28 centuries可知,研究人員搜集了總共28個(gè)世紀(jì)的資料,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 2.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的because of emissions, or gases, released into the air by machines that humans have built可知,這是由于人類制造的機(jī)器噴發(fā)的溫室氣體造成的,也就是人類的活動(dòng)應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)。答案為D項(xiàng)。 3.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的描述:溫度上升→冰雪融化→流入大海→海平面上升。所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 4.B　主旨大意題。文章第一段告訴人們海平面在上升,后面分析說(shuō)明了上升的原因就是氣溫的上升。由此可知本文的主題就是B項(xiàng):隨著氣溫的上升海平面上升。 Ⅱ.七選五 [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,作者就保護(hù)環(huán)境給出了建議以便人們環(huán)保地生活。 1.G　根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題Prevent energy leaks(遺漏)at home.可知通過(guò)修補(bǔ)遺漏你可以更加有效地加熱和冷卻你家。 2.A　根據(jù)下文Trees cool your home, reducing the energy used for cooling.Trees improve mental health.Trees reduce noise pollution.可知此處講的是樹(shù)的好處。 3.D　根據(jù)本段中的If you use ceiling fans during hot summer days, you can create a cooling environment.可知。 4.C　根據(jù)下文There are lots of inexpensive solar products you can try out.For example, solar-powered lights.可知有許多使用太陽(yáng)能的方式。 5.E　根據(jù)上下文可知乘公交車是綠色出行方式。 Ⅲ.完形填空 [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　人生應(yīng)該有攀登頂峰的夢(mèng)想,更重要的是你要為這個(gè)夢(mèng)想盡最大的努力。一位在墨西哥參加馬拉松比賽的選手用行動(dòng)詮釋了這一點(diǎn)。 1.B　此處與語(yǔ)境noisy形成對(duì)比,與上一句中a classic night相呼應(yīng),此處指喧鬧的墨西哥城在夜色中漸漸安靜下來(lái)了。 2.B　根據(jù)文章第一句中的a classic night可知此句句意:奧林匹克田徑比賽的主會(huì)場(chǎng)籠罩在一片黑暗之中。 3.A　根據(jù)下一句It was time for him to return to the hotel for a rest.可知此處指Greenspan完成了自己的拍攝工作。 4.C　這時(shí)候他發(fā)現(xiàn)體育場(chǎng)空蕩蕩的(empty),一個(gè)人也沒(méi)有了。 5.D　他正要離開(kāi)(leave)體育場(chǎng)去賓館休息,就在這時(shí)他看到一個(gè)人……。 6.B　根據(jù)空格前bandaged可推知,那個(gè)人受傷了,繃帶上應(yīng)該是帶有血跡(blood)。 7.B　根據(jù)上一句中的a bandaged man可推知那個(gè)人右腿受傷了,跑起來(lái)自然是一瘸一拐的(lamely)。 8.A　根據(jù)下一段最后一句中的he went over to ask why he wanted to run to the goal可知那個(gè)年輕人跑到了終點(diǎn)。 9.C　根據(jù)上文可知,Greenspan的工作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,可以回賓館休息了,但是看到這位年輕人即使在比賽已經(jīng)結(jié)束并且自己帶著傷的情況下也要跑到終點(diǎn),他被吸引了,所以應(yīng)是出于好奇(curiosity),他走過(guò)去和年輕人攀談一探究竟。 10.B　根據(jù)上一段可知,年輕人的腿受傷了,所以此處Greenspan是詢問(wèn)他為何歷經(jīng)艱辛(difficulty)也要跑到終點(diǎn)。 11.D　根據(jù)本段最后一句話中my motherland is　16　me from behind可推知,這位參賽者是代表國(guó)家來(lái)比賽的。 12.C　固定搭配not...but...意為“不是……而是……”。此處指不是讓“我”站在起跑線上,而是讓“我”完成比賽。與最后一段第二句中The most important is not whether we can reach the peak but whether we have made the greatest...相呼應(yīng)。 13.C　參見(jiàn)上題解析。此處指完成比賽,plete完成。 14.A　盡管“我”落在了所有運(yùn)動(dòng)員的后面(fall behind),但“我”像他們一樣有明確的目標(biāo):跑到終點(diǎn)。 15.A　根據(jù)上文可知,體育場(chǎng)空空蕩蕩的,自然沒(méi)有觀眾再為年輕人歡呼了。 16.D　此處指盡管觀眾不再為“我”歡呼,但是“我”的祖國(guó)還在看著我。 17.C　根據(jù)上一句Tears welled up in Greenspan’s eyes.可推知,此處指這一場(chǎng)景很感人(touching)。 18.A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,前后部分表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,指雖然每個(gè)人都想到達(dá)人生的頂峰,但是我們應(yīng)明白不是每個(gè)人都有能力到達(dá)人生的頂峰。 19.D　此處指我們應(yīng)明白因?yàn)閭€(gè)人能力不同,不是每個(gè)人都有能力到達(dá)人生的頂峰。 20.A　通讀全文可知,這個(gè)故事告訴我們,成功與否并不重要,重要的是有沒(méi)有明確的目標(biāo),是否盡了最大的努力去做。