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2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 模塊七第四單元教案 牛津版 underground n. 地鐵 monly adv. 一般地，通常地 distinction n. 聲譽，名聲，區(qū)別，差別 distant adj. 遠的，遙遠的 historic adj. 有歷史意義的，歷史上著名的 transport vt. & n. 運輸，運送，輸送，搬運 vehicle n. 車輛，交通工具 shuttle n. 短程往返運行的公共汽車（或火車等）；梭，梭子；航天飛機 beneath prep. & adv. 在……之下 paratively adv. 比較而言，相對地 narrow adj. 窄的，狹窄的；狹隘的 middle n. 中間，中部 advanced adj. 高級的，先進的 accelerate vt. 加速，促進 pace n. 步伐，速度 inconvenient adj. 不方便的，不便利的 separately adv. 分別地，單獨地，各自地 acquisition n. (尤指通過努力)取得，獲得；學(xué)到 expansion n. 擴充，擴展，擴大，發(fā)展 connection n. 連接；連接物；聯(lián)系；關(guān)系 function vi. 起作用；工作，活動，運轉(zhuǎn) anniversary n. 周年紀念；周年紀念日 effectively adv. 有效地 permit vt. & vi. 允許，準許，許可 n. 許可證；執(zhí)照；通行證 sightseeing n. 觀光，游覽 horrible adj. 可怕的，恐怖的；極其討厭的，讓人非常難受的，特別糟糕的 discount n. 折扣，打折 official n. 官員 increase n. 增加，增長 cycle vi. 騎自行車 aim vi. 目的是，打算；瞄準，對準 vt.將……瞄準，將……指向 n.目標，目的 confuse vt. 使糊涂，使困惑；使混亂；混淆 tire vt. 使厭倦，使厭煩；使疲勞 annoy vt. 使惱怒，使生氣，使煩惱；打攪，干擾，騷擾 undertake vt. 承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任；著手做，開始進行，從事 sacrifice vt. 犧牲，奉獻 beyond prep. 在先之外，超出 modest adj. 適度的，適中的，不過分的；謙虛的，謙讓的 postpone vt. 推遲，延遲，使延期 speed vt. & vi. 加速 timetable n. 時間表 departure n. 離開，啟程，出發(fā) repair n. 修理，修補 punctual adj. 準時的，準點的；守時的 reliable adj. 可靠的，可信賴的 arise vi. 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起義 extreme adj. 極端的，極度的 cause n. 原因，起因；事業(yè) pedestrian n. 行人，步行者 lorry n. 卡車 surrounding adj. 周圍的；環(huán)繞的 n. 周圍環(huán)境 signal vi. 發(fā)信號 impatient adj. 不耐煩的，沒耐心的，急不可耐的 aggressive adj. 好斗的，侵略性的，咄咄逼人的 fine vt. 罰……的款，處……以罰金 n. 罰金，罰款 concentration n. 專心，專注；集中 irresponsible adj. 不負責(zé)任的 assumption n. 假定，臆想 overload vt. 使超載，使過載 unsteady adj. 不穩(wěn)定的，搖擺的，搖晃 invitation n. 誘因；邀請；請?zhí)? incorrectly adv. 不正確地，錯誤地 orderly adj. 有秩序的，秩序井然的，有條理的 課文出現(xiàn)短語 1. pick up 2. cause damage to 3. beneath the surface 4. far from 5. in use 6. why not do 7. go sightseeing 8. in the hope of 9. speed up 10. under repair 11. protect sb from danger 12. pay attention to 13. risk your life 14. avoid causing accidents 15. a couple of 16. drop off 17. choke off traffic 18. link up 19. set up 20. function as 21. permit sb to do 22. at a discount 23. make better use of 24. wash away 25. arise from 26. be aimed at 27. lead to crashes 28. watch out for 29. in need of 30. be up to sb 31. as it is known 32. lead to 33. accelerate the pace 34. be responsible for 35. in honor for 36. a place of interest 37. be made up of 38. make up for 39. cause deaths and injuries 40. traffic jam 41. be aware of 42. be fined for 43. be likely to 44. in good condition 一．單詞應(yīng)用 根據(jù)單詞的首字母或漢語意思填寫正確單詞，注意形式變化。 1. Up to now, many people have agreed that t____________ is an important part of our lives. 2. In the 19th century, s___________ trains helped people travel all over the world. 3. In the past, many old men don’t believe buses can carry people o_____________ long distance. 4. If you go to Britain, you will see the sign at the station, “wele to the London u____________”. 5. Most trains went to the distant b___________ of the city in the northern part of the country. 6. Cars on the road can c___________ off traffic, so some experts don’t agree car’s mass production. 7. The first tunnels were just b______________ the surface of the ground. 8. Sometimes, traveling on these lines was very i______________. So you had better go by car. 9. Many caves in the mountains f____________ as bomb shelters during war times. 10. Some experts in this field think this helps make the system more u______________. 11.It is reported that the train lines were placed under the ___________（權(quán)力機構(gòu)） of the Board. 12.It was interesting to know about the London ______________（地鐵） developed. 13.The city has good air ____________（連接） with most large cities on the Chinese mainland. 14.The storms ______________(沖走) away soil along the road last night, which made children frightened 15.The deaths __________（發(fā)生，形成） from those accidents has increased in the past ten years. 16.We must all be ___________（意識到） of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them. 17.You are ___________（違反） the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others. 18.It is ___________（由…決定） to all of us road users to make sure that we must avoid accident. 19.Many ___________（騎車的人） do not pay attention to the cars around them. so it can lead to accidents. 20.We must pay attention to road __________（安全）. Only in this way can we keep us safe. 二.詞型轉(zhuǎn)換 1、parative adj.--- ______(n.) 2、effectively adv. --- ______(n.) 3、patient adj.--- ______(n.) ______(反) 4、concentration n.--- ________(v.) 5、steady adj.--- _________(adv.) 6、invite v.--- _______(n.)_______(adj.) 7、aware adj.--- ________(n.)_______(反) 8.expect v.--- _________(adj.)_______(n.) 9、permit v.--- _______(n.允許) 10、fortune n.--- ________(adj.) 11. connect (vt.) _________(n. ) 12. responsible (adj.) ________ (opp.) 13. rely (vi.)__________ (adj.) 14.distant (adj.) ____________ (n.) 15. expansion (n.)_________ (vt.) 16. convenient (adj.) _________ (n.) 17. separate (adj./vt) ___________ (adv.) 三．選詞填空 Lead to , in addition to , cause trouble , at a discount, get off, arise from chock off, responsible for. in honour of, make up for, aim at speed up in the hope that , make better use of 1. __________ English, he has to study French. 2. where does this path ________? 3. I’m afraid that boy is ____________. 4. She kept talking and nobody could _________. 5. Heavy rains were _________ storage of vegetables. 6. I have cooked a special meal________ our visitors. 7. I bought a ticket _______ and rode the underground four times. 8. I thought I could have a relaxing weekend to _________ all my hard work. 9. They _________ immediately after lunch. 10. This notice is ________ increasing people’s awareness of the problem. 11. Can we begin by discussing matters ____________ the last meeting? 12. We’d better __________ if we want to be on time. 13 We must ________________ the resources we have. 14. Many skilled workers go abroad ______________ they can get better career opportunities. 四．句型結(jié)構(gòu) 基本句型 1. It has the distinction of being the oldest and most plex underground system in the world. 2. Most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. 3. Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the paratively narrow tunnels by steam engines. 4. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group. 5. All the different bus and train lines were placed under the authority of the Board. 6. The London underground system is working to transport millions of people effectively as it has done for many years. 7. This notice is aimed at increasing people’s awareness of the problem because it has bee quite extreme. 8. Drivers have to take the responsibility to watch out for people crossing the road, especially older people who may walk slowly and young children who may not look before stepping into the road. 9. Many cyclists do not pay attention to the cars that surround them and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop. 10. This lack of control is an invitation to accidents. 11. Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them. 句型拓展 1. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. (P50) 但是大部分通往倫敦的火車只到倫敦城的遠郊，因為在市區(qū)內(nèi)修建鐵路會損壞許多古建筑。 distant adj. far away: a distant country She could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding. in the distant past/future far away in the past or future: At some point in the distant future I would like to have my own house. in the not-too-distant future quite soon: They plan to have children in the not-too-distant future. distance n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places: Whats the distance between Madrid and Barcelona/from Madrid to Barcelona? He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day. Does she live within walking distance of her parents? 高考鏈接 The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（xx全國） A. length B. distance C. way D. space 答案：B historic adj. important or likely to be important in history: historic buildings a historic day/moment In a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to bee priests. historical adj. connected with the study or representation of things from the past: Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed. She specializes in historical novels set in eighteenth-century England. historically adv. The film makes no attempt to be historically accurate. Historically (= Over a long period in the past), there have always been close links between France and Scotland. 2. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the road became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. (P50) 不幸的是馬路上增加的車輛把道路堵得水泄不通，交通變得如此擁擠以致于每個人都寸步難行。 choke n. [C] a block of wood that can be put under a wheel or a heavy object to prevent it from moving v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞 The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death. The roads to the coast were choked with traffic. At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic. She choked to death on a fish bone. Children can choke on peanuts. 引申：chock back 忍住，抑制 chock up 因激動等說不出話來 自我檢測 During the rush hours the roads are usually _____ up with traffic. A. chocked B. crowded C. blocked D checked 答案： A 3. The first tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground. (P50) 首批地鐵隧道于1863年開通，他們緊靠地面。 beneath prep. in or to a lower position than, under低于，在……之下 Jeremy hid the letter beneath a pile of papers. We huddled together for warmth beneath the blankets. After weeks at sea, it was wonderful to feel firm ground beneath our feet once more. 比較：1) under prep. in or to a position below or lower than something else, often so that one thing covers the other: He hid under the bed. In AD 79 the city of Pompei was buried under a layer of ash seven meters deep. She put the thermometer under my tongue. She was holding a file under her arm (= between her upper arm and the side of her chest). 2) below adv., prep. in a lower position (than), under: From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us looked like insects. Do you usually wear your skirts above or below the knee? The authors name was printed below the title. They have three children below the age of (= younger than) four. 4. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway pany and the Metropolitan District railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. (P50) 16年后，于1884年大都會鐵路公司于大都會區(qū)鐵路公司取得聯(lián)系共同為城市中部提供地鐵服務(wù)。 link v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas: The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way. The use of CFCs has been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer. n. [C] a connection between two people, things or ideas: Theres a direct link between diet and heart disease. Their links with Britain are still strong. link up to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together: The organizations aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease. We offer advice to Polish panies who want to link up with Western businesses. They linked up two areas by telephone. 用法拓展: be connected with 與……相接，和……有聯(lián)系 5. These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground’s development. (P50) 這些新的隧道開挖方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發(fā)展腳步。 accelerate v. [I] when a vehicle or its driver accelerates, the speed of the vehicle increases: I accelerated to overtake the bus. pare: decelerate v. [I] to go more slowly; to reduce speed: The car decelerated at the sight of the police car. accelerated adj. 加速的 acceleration n. 加速度 自我檢測 A driver ______ his car when he makes it go faster or increased its speed. A. modifies B. duplicates C. accelerates D stimulates 答案：C pace n. [U] the speed at which someone or sth. moves, or with which sth. happens or changes: a slow/fast pace When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace. For many years this pany has set the pace (= has been the most successful pany) in the munications industry. These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace. I dont like the pace of modern life. 引申：keep pace with 與……并駕齊驅(qū) at a … pace 以……的速度 自我檢測 Many people plain of rapid ______ of modern life. A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth 答案：C 6. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other. (P50) 然而搭乘這些線路很不方便，因為每條線都分別各歸其主而且許多線路之間相距甚遠。 inconvenient adj. an inconvenient time/place It will be very inconvenient for me to have no car. inconvenience n. [C or U] a state or an example of problems or trouble, which often causes a delay or loss of fort: We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train. We had the inconvenience of being unable to use the kitchen for several weeks. Having to wait for ten minutes was a minor inconvenience. 7．After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the names are still used today. (P51) 收購后他給每條線起了名字，很多名字至今還在使用。 acquire v. [T] to obtain sth.: He acquired the firm in 1978. I was wearing a newly/recently acquired jacket. I seem to have acquired (= obtained although I dont know how) two copies of this book. During this period he acquired a reputation for being a womanizer. acquisition n. [C or U] The museum has been heavily criticized over its acquisition of the four-million-dollar sculpture. I like your earrings - are they a recent acquisition (= did you get them recently)? 8. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning. (P51) honor a quality that bines respect, pride and honesty: a man of honour We fought for the honour of our country n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect: She received an honour for her services to the munity. He was buried with full military honours (= with a special celebration to show respect). in honour of sb./sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.: a banquet in honour of the president 高考鏈接 My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (xx陜西) A. in favor of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of 答案：A 9. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. (P51) permit (-tt-) v. [T] to allow sth.: The regulations do not permit much flexibility. [+ ing form of verb] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month. [+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password. As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne. FORMAL The law permits of no other interpretation. v. [I] FORMAL to make sth. possible: The Chancellor is looking to lower interest rates, when economic conditions permit. We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough 10. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. (P51) order n. [U] the way in which people or things are arranged, either in relation to one another or according to a particular characteristic: in order of 以……的順序 The children lined up in order of age/height. I cant find the file I need because theyre all out of order (= they are no longer arranged in the correct way). Put the files in alphabetical/chronological order. 高考鏈接 You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______. (xx廣東) A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 答案：B 11. The brochure you have just read refers to the development of the London Underground that started in 1854. (P51) refer to phrasal verb: 1) to talk or write about someone or sth., especially briefly: In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. He always refers to the house as his "refuge". 2) If writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing: The new salary scale only refers to pany managers and directors. 12. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times. (P53) discount n. [C] a reduction in the usual price: They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies. They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students. v. [T] to decide that sth. or someone is not worth consideration or attention: You shouldnt discount the possibility of him ing back. at a discount 打折 自我檢測 They sell the sweater _______ a discount of 30 percent. A. on B. for C. at D. with 答案：C 完成句子 1. 兩家機構(gòu)為了幫助貧窮兒童聯(lián)合舉辦了一場慈善活動。） The two organizations ______ _____ to hold a charity event for the poor children. 2. 這些新的挖掘方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發(fā)展步伐。（accelerate the pace of） These new ways of digging __________ _____ ______ ______the London underground’s development. 3. 一般說來，人們喜歡買各種各樣的減價商品。（discount） _________ _____ , people like to buy all kinds of things _____ ____ ________. 4. 因缺乏交流而引發(fā)的家庭問題越來越多。（arise from） There are more and more family problems ______ _________ __________ ________ _________munication. 5. 由于不知道坐哪路車，她向我們求助。（not knowing） Not knowing which bus to take, she ______ ________ ______ _________ _________. 五．語法應(yīng)用 非謂語動詞 v-ing形式作定語 1. 單個的v-ing形式可以作前置定語，表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動作或當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)。 developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困擾人的問題 2. 作定語的v-ing形式如是一個短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。 The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 裝著醋的那個瓶子應(yīng)送到實驗室去 They lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。 3. 某些情況下，定語不能用v-ing形式，必須用定語從句。 ① 作定語的動詞-ing形式表示的動作要與主句謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，如兩者不能同時發(fā)生的話，則需使用定語從句。 昨天來的教授將要給我們作一個講座。 【誤】The professor ing here yesterday will give us a lecture. 【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. ② v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作狀語，不作定語。 被地震毀壞的廟宇很快就要重建了。 【誤】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. v-ed形式作定語 1. 單個動詞-ed形式作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，作前置定語。 A watched pot never boils. 心急鍋不開。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.所有的壞門窗都修好了。 When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我們到達的時候，每人被發(fā)給了一份印制好的試卷。 提示： 如要表示強調(diào)，單個動詞-ed形式也可作后置定語。 Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。 2. 帶有修飾語或其他成分的v-ed形式一般都作后置定語，在語法上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。 We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author) 我們讀過這個作家寫的許多小說。 Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. (= who had been invited to the reception) 被邀請到招待會上的貴賓有一半都是外國大使。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. (= which was attended by one thousand students) 這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千名學(xué)生出席了。 A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge. (= who was dressed like a lawyer) 一個律師裝扮的女人走了進來，并作為法官就座。 v-ing 和v-ed形式作定語的區(qū)別 1．及物動詞的-ing形式作定語表示與被修飾名詞是主動關(guān)系，及物動詞的-ed 形式表示與被修飾名詞是被動關(guān)系。 The group called Green Hand is trying to help the environmen