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2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復習 語法專題（2）學案 外研版必修2 多個形容詞作定語時的排列順序 如果兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞時，與被修飾的名詞關系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個形容詞的密切程度差不多，則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的在后。如：a small wonderful gift。 常用的順序為：限定詞(these，those，...)＋數(shù)量形容詞(three)＋描繪性形容詞(beautiful)＋大小、長短、高低等形體性形容詞(large，long，high)＋新舊(old)＋顏色(red)＋國籍(Chinese)＋材料(wood)＋用途(writing)＋被修飾的名詞(desk) 為了方便記憶，不妨試試如下口訣： 限定描述大長高，形狀年齡與新老； 顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。 記住以上規(guī)則是必要的，但還應多閱讀，多體會，增強語感。 all these last few days最近的這些日子 an expensive purple cotton dress一件昂貴的紫色棉衣 the first beautiful little white Chinese wood bridge 第一座美麗的中國小白木橋 表語形容詞 表語形容詞(如：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，afloat，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure)并非只能作表語，它們還可以作補足語，有的還可作后置定語(一般不作前置定語)。 To my surprise，the driver is still alive after the traffic accident. 令我吃驚的是，交通事故發(fā)生后，司機還活著。 The people，and the people alone，are the motive force in the making of world history. 人民，只有人民，才是創(chuàng)造世界歷史的動力。 形容詞作狀語 形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表達動作的方式。 He returned home，safe and sound.他安然無恙地回到了家。 He went to bed，cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地去睡覺了。 Surprised and happy，he stood up and accepted the prize. 又吃驚又高興，他站起來接受獎品。 can not/never與enough或too連用表示：無論怎樣都不過分；越……越好。 One can never be too careful in the street. 在大街上，你再小心也不為過。 You can not be careful enough/too careful to study. 在學習方面，你再細心也不過分。 副　詞 有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語 Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸運的是，他沒被淹死，被解放軍救了。 Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her. 使她高興的是，她的繼母對她很好。 Luckily，he was not hurt in the accident. 幸運的是，他在這次事故中沒有受傷。 Obviously，your answer is absolutely wrong. 很顯然，你的答案絕對錯了。 Naturally，you will want to discuss this problem with your parents.你自然想和你的父母商量一下此事。 熟記下列幾句有關形容詞、副詞的固定搭配 He’s dead/blind drunk (＝very drunk)． 他喝得酩酊大醉。 He’s wide awake.他完全沒有睡意。 It’s raining/snowing heavily.雨/雪下得很大。 He’s sound/fast asleep.他睡得很沉。 He’s moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily. 他吃力地移動/喘著粗氣/酒喝得多/煙抽得多。 The traffic/His moustache is heavy.交通擁擠/他的胡子濃密。 The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中國人口比日本多。 The price of the book is high/low.這本書的價格很高/低。 ＝The book is expensive/cheap.這本書很貴/便宜。 有些副詞還可以作連詞，但作副詞時，常放在句末，如though，(ever) since，in case等 She promised to phone.I heard nothing，though. ＝Though she promised to phone，I heard nothing. 她答應要打電話來，可我沒聽到回信兒。 too much，much too too much所要表達的是much (多)的意思；much too所要表達的是too (太……)的意思。 The teacher gave us too much homework today. 老師今天給我們留的作業(yè)太多了。 I am much too pleased to see you.見到您，太高興了。 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 表示倍數(shù)的三種句型 (1)．...times as＋原級＋as... He can run three times as fast as John. (2)．...times the size/length/width/height etc.＋of... This table is three times the size of that one. (3)．...times＋比較級＋than... This table is three times bigger than that one. 同等程度的比較 用as...as，the same...as...，such...as引導 He is a worker as good as Peter.(＝He is as good a worker as Peter.)他和彼得一樣是個好工人。 Linda is the same height as Jenny.琳達和詹妮一樣高。 Henry is such a good student as Peter. 亨利和彼得一樣是個好學生。 與比較級有關的結(jié)構(gòu)及運用比較級的注意事項 (1)“比較級＋than”表達一方超過或低于另一方的情況 You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年輕多了。 She doesn’t work harder than you (do)．她工作不如你努力。 誤區(qū)警示 用介詞by表示相差的程度 She is taller than I by three inches.(＝She is three inches taller than I．)她比我高三英寸。 (2)“比較級＋and＋比較級”意為“越來越……” As summer is ing，the day is being longer and longer. (3)“the＋比較級……，the＋比較級……”意為“越……就越……” The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make. (4)“the＋比較級＋of the two＋名詞”表示“兩者中較……的那個” The taller of the two boys is my brother. (5)運用比較級表達最高級的概念時，常用“否定詞＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)和以下結(jié)構(gòu)： 比較級＋than＋ I have never heard a better voice than yours. 我從未聽過比你更好的嗓音。 Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. Julia is taller than the other girls in her class. Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class. 朱麗葉是她們班上最高的女生。 (6)比較級的特殊含義以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu) more than多于，no more than僅僅，less than少于，not less than 至少，less＋形容詞＋than不如。 It is less cold today than it was yesterday.今天沒有昨天冷。 (7)使用比較級應注意的問題 ①比較的范圍 如果比較的范圍不一樣，表達方式也應不同。 China is larger than any_other_country_in_Asia.(比較的范圍一致) China is larger than any_country_in_Africa.(比較的范圍不一致) ②比較的對象要一致 相同的對象可以比較，不同的對象不能進行比較 The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口與人口相比，要用代詞that) ③注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象 由于日常交際的需要，在彼此都明白的情況下，比較對象往往省略 —What do you think of the film? —I have never seen a better one.(后邊省略了than this film) Tom’s position，if not better(后邊省略了than Jack’s)，is at least as good as Jack’s. ④比較級的修飾語：much，even，far，rather，still，any，no，a bit，a little，a head，two metres，a great deal，a lot，by far等。 最高級的用法 (1)最高級是表示三者或三者以上中程度最高的比較方式，常用“the＋最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有比較范圍的介詞短語。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in his class. (2)most 前如沒有定冠詞the，就沒有比較的意思，只是用來加強語氣，有“很，非?！敝?。 This is a most interesting story.這是一個很有趣的故事。 (3)最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等詞語所修飾。 Of all the students，Jack’s oral English is almost the best. 在所有的學生中，杰克的英語口語幾乎是最好的。 1．(xx年天津卷)It was a nice house，but________too small for a family of five. A．rarely　　　　　　　　 B．fairly C．rather D．pretty 【解析】　句意為：那是一套很不錯的房子，可是對一個五口之家來說太小了。rather too太；rarely：not often，seldom不常，很少，頻度副詞；fairly相當?shù)?，適度地，表示程度的副詞；pretty adv.相當，頗，還；pretty certain相當可靠(有把握)；pretty good相當好。 【答案】　C 2．(xx年天津卷)I’m not surprised that he became a writer.Even as a child he had a________imagination. A．clear B．cautious C．funny D．vivid 【解析】　句意為：他成了作家，我毫不驚訝。孩提時，他就有活躍的想像力。vivid生動的，逼真的，栩栩如生的；clear清晰的，清楚的，明白的；cautious小心的，謹慎的，慎重的；funny滑稽的，詼諧的。 【答案】　D 3．(xx年寧夏海南，全國卷Ⅰ)How much________she looked without her glasses! A．well B．good C．best D．better 【解析】　句意為：她不戴眼鏡看起來好得多！此句為感嘆句，how可修飾形容詞和副詞，但此題還考查much修飾比較級，故選D。 【答案】　D 4．(xx年全國卷Ⅱ)It’s high time you had your hair cut；it’s getting________. A．too much long B．much too long C．long too much D．too long much 【解析】　句意為：你該理發(fā)了，頭發(fā)太長了。much too long太長了。 【答案】　B 5．(xx年福建卷)It seems that living green is________easy and affordable.A small step makes a big difference. A．exactly B．fortunately C．surprisingly D．hardly 【解析】　句意為：綠色生活方式似乎驚人地容易且廉價。邁開一小步，就會帶來大不同。surprisingly：unusually or unexpectedly不尋常地，出乎意料地。 【答案】　C 6．(xx年浙江卷)The ines of skilled workers went up.________，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Otherwise 【解析】　句意為：有經(jīng)驗的工人的工資在上漲，但同時沒經(jīng)驗的工人卻看著他們的工資下降。根據(jù)句意是指有經(jīng)驗工人和非技術(shù)工人工資漲落的對比情況，meanwhile意為“同時”，故選C。 【答案】　C 7．(xx年浙江卷)It took________building supplies to construct these energysaving houses.It took brains，too. A．other than B．more than C．rather than D．less than 【解析】　句意為：建造這些節(jié)能住宅不僅僅需要建筑用品，還需要用腦。more than意為“不僅僅”。 【答案】　B 8．(xx年浙江卷)John is very________—if he promises to do something he’ll do it. A．independent B．confident C．reliable D．flexible 【解析】　句意為：John是可以信賴的。如果他答應做某事，他一定會做的。根據(jù)后句：如果他答應做某事，就會去做。據(jù)此得出他是個可信賴的人。 【答案】　C 9．(xx年遼寧卷)Usually John would be late for meetings.But this time，________to my surprise，he arrived on time. A．little B．much C．ever D．even 【解析】　句意為：約翰平時開會總是遲到。但是這次，令我特別驚訝的是他竟然準時到會了。much十分，非常，修飾介詞短語to my surprise，在此表示程度，以加強語氣。 【答案】　B 10．(xx年遼寧卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________his. A．a(chǎn)s much twice as B．twice as much as C．much as twice as D．a(chǎn)s twice much as 【解析】　句意為：彼得的夾克衫看起來與杰克的一樣，但是卻是他的價錢的兩倍?？疾楸稊?shù)句型“倍數(shù)＋as＋原級＋as...”。 【答案】　B 1．(xx屆浙江杭州高中月考)To our surprise，we got________people to attend the meeting as we expected. A．a(chǎn)s twice　　　　　　　　B．twice many C．twice many as D．twice as many 【解析】　考查倍數(shù)的表達法。其形式為：A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞或副詞原級＋as＋B。 【答案】　D 2．(xx屆江蘇鹽城中學一測)I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had________today. A．a(chǎn)s tiring a day as B．a(chǎn)s a tiring day C．tiring as a day as D．day as a tiring as 【解析】　考查比較結(jié)構(gòu)。在同級比較的結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個as是副詞，在本句中修飾tiring，因此選擇A。 【答案】　A 3．(xx屆福建部分重點中學聯(lián)考)The situation of the global finance crisis was________worse than expected. A．rather B．fairly C．very D．a(chǎn)ny 【解析】　考查副詞。本題中所使用的副詞必須能夠修飾形容詞的比較級，rather與any符合條件，但是any用于否定句或疑問句中，因此選rather。 【答案】　A 4．(xx屆江蘇淮安月考)Rome was not built in a day.You should set________goals and work hard to achieve them. A．a(chǎn)lternative B．considerable C．subjective D．realistic 【解析】　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)首句“羅馬不是一天建成的”可以看出這里是說“制訂可實驗的目標”，因此選D。realistic明智的，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。 【答案】　D 5．(xx屆浙江嘉興一中摸底測驗)She devoted herself________to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. A．strongly B．extremely C．entirely D．freely 【解析】　考查副詞。strongly強烈地；extremely極其地；entirely完全地；freely自由地。這里的意思為：她把自己完全投入到研究工作中……。 【答案】　C 6．(xx屆杭州學軍中學月考)Broadly speaking，I would agree with Shirley，though not________. A．widely B．entirely C．extremely D．eventually 【解析】　考查副詞辨析。句意為：一般地說，我是贊同Shirley的，盡管我不完全同意她的觀點。widely廣泛地，普遍地；entirely完全地；extremely極端，非常；eventually最后，終于。 【答案】　B 7．(xx屆安徽兩地聯(lián)考)I go________to the stadium when there’s a game.But usually I watch it on TV. A．typically B．a(chǎn)nxiously C．frequently D．occasionally 【解析】　考查副詞。句意為“有比賽時，我偶爾去體育館觀看，但我通常在電視上觀看”。根據(jù)“But...”可知選D。A、B不符合語意，C項表示“經(jīng)?！?，與“But...”相悖。 【答案】　D 8．(xx屆江西撫州一中期中測試)It is said that the________building was designed by a famous Frenchman，who has thousands of excellent works all over the world. A．red stone beautiful B．stone beautiful red C．beautiful stone red D．beautiful red stone 【解析】　本題考查形容詞排序。冠詞、數(shù)詞排最前，接下來是主觀性的形容詞，最靠近被修飾的名詞是表客觀性的形容詞，如顏色、國籍和材料等。 【答案】　D 9．(xx屆山東淄博一中月考)Steve’s description of the place was so________that I could almost picture it in my mind. A．bitter B．vivid C．sensitive D．courageous 【解析】　考查形容詞辨析。句意為：Steve把那個地方描述得如此生動以至于我差不多在腦海里把它想像出來了。注意picture在句中作動詞，意為“想像”。bitter有苦味的，辛酸的；vivid行動的，栩栩如生的；sensitive敏感的，靈敏的； courageous勇敢的。根據(jù)語意可知B項正確。 【答案】　B 10．(xx屆重慶巴蜀中學月考)—Now that you like the personal puter very much，isn’t it a good idea to get one? —Well，I’d like to but I can’t afford________puter at present. A．that expensive a B．a(chǎn) such cheap C．that an expensive D．so cheap 【解析】　根據(jù)所給語境可知說話人目前買不起一臺如此昂貴的電腦，此處的that是副詞，相當于so。 【答案】　A 11．(xx屆黃岡中學期中測試)Authorities face a(n)________task to persuade typhoon survivors to abandon their floodstricken villages and relocate to lower and safer lands. A．plex B．tough C．easy D．sharp 【解析】　考查形容詞辨析。要說服那些臺風中的幸存者離開被洪水襲擊的村莊，搬到更低、更安全的地方，這個工作對政府來說很難。用tough表示“困難的”。A.復雜的，C.容易的，D.敏銳的，都不符合語意。 【答案】　B 12．(xx年龍巖市檢測)Swimming is________as any to lose unwanted weight. A．a(chǎn) way as good B．a(chǎn)s a good way C．a(chǎn)s a way good D．a(chǎn)s good a way 【解析】　考查固定短語。as...as表示“和……一樣”，固定表達方式有“as＋adj./adv.＋as”“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”等。 【答案】　D 13．(xx年鄭州一模)—How delicious the noodles are! —Yes.It would taste________with________tomatoes. A．better；many B．best；many C．better；more D．best；more 【解析】　考查形容詞比較級的用法。根據(jù)語意可知，本題兩個空都表示比較關系，即如果加入更多的(more)西紅柿的話，會更好吃(better)。 【答案】　C 14．(xx年南京檢測二)—Why don’t you do some shopping in the secondhand store? —Well，the goods there are________，but________. A．more expensive；worse B．more expensive；not as bad C．cheaper；good enough D．cheaper；not as good 【解析】　考查形容詞的比較級。解答本題的關鍵在于并列連詞but。根據(jù)語境“那兒的貨物(價格)比較便宜，但(質(zhì)量)不如……”可知，D項正確。 【答案】　D 15．(xx年皖南八校三模)—So big a whale！It weighs 10 tons. —Yes，I have never seen________one. A．a(chǎn) heavy B．the heaviest C．a(chǎn) heavier D．a(chǎn) heaviest 【解析】　否定詞＋比較級相當于最高級。我從未見過一只更大的鯨(這是我見過的最大的)。 【答案】　C