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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 第一部分 微專題強化練 一 語法必備8 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 一、單句填空 1．(xx北京，22改編)—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes，We________(treat) well by our hosts. 答案：were treated　根據(jù)上下文，這里談的是舉行過的一次聚會，應該用過去時，并且“我們”是被主人招待的，所以需用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句意：——你喜歡這個聚會嗎？——是的，我們的主人很好地招待了我們。 2．(xx北京，26改編)In the last few years，China________(make) great achievements in environmental protection. 答案：has made　時間狀語in/over the last few years通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。句意：在過去的幾年中，中國在環(huán)境保護方面取得了巨大成就。 3．(xx北京，30改編)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I________(call) him later. 答案：will call　據(jù)第一句的時態(tài)判斷，Dr. Jackson目前不在辦公室，所以打電話是將來的事。句意：——Dr. Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室?！玫?，我待會再給他打。 4．(xx天津，6改編)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she________(teach) a class at that time. 答案：will be teaching　根據(jù)題干時間狀語3 oclock this afternoon的提示可知，動作發(fā)生時間為將來；而句尾的at that time為一個特定的時間點，因此，該題強調(diào)在將來的大時間背景下的某一個特定時間點發(fā)生的事，故用將來進行時。 5．(xx天津，9改編)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement________(reach) so far by the two sides. 答案：has been reached　本句中的時間狀語so far表示“到目前為止”，為現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞。reach no agreement短語中no agreement作主語，reach要用被動，故結(jié)合時態(tài)可知填has been reached。 6．(xx陜西，22改編)Marty ________(work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday. 答案：has been working　由后文提示hell have finished it by Friday可知，work動作發(fā)生在過去，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在還在進行，故要用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。句意：馬蒂一直在非常認真地寫書，他認為他在周五前將會完成。 7．(xx安徽，24改編)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I ________(leave) my book in the cafe. 答案：had left　“我把書忘在了咖啡館”發(fā)生在“我意識到這件事”之前，而“我意識到”是發(fā)生在過去的一個動作，故“忘記”應用過去完成時。 8．(xx安徽，29改編)It is reported that a space station ________(build) on the moon in years to e. 答案：will be built　時間狀語in years to e(在將來的幾年里)，故主語從句的時態(tài)用一般將來時；太空站是被建造，用被動語態(tài)。 9．(xx浙江，8改編)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he ________(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. 答案：would be　主句時態(tài)是過去時，從句動作在過去的時間上看是將來的事情，故用過去將來時。 10．(xx湖南，22改編)As you go through this book, you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. 答案：will find　一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。在一般將來時的句子中，有時會出現(xiàn)表示將來時的時間狀語，若不出現(xiàn)時間狀語，要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況。句意：當你通讀這本書的時候，你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)百萬的經(jīng)歷過二戰(zhàn)的每個人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。 11．(xx湖南，28改編)He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？” 答案：was looking　題干中沒有出現(xiàn)具體的時間狀語，可以從意義上去把握。此句在意義上應該用進行時，又根據(jù)此句中的must thave sensed和glanced at可知是過去進行時。句意：他一定感覺到我在看著他。他突然看向我然后輕聲問道：“你為什么一直那樣盯著我看？” 12．(xx湖南，32改編)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window. 答案：was held　被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。hold back阻隔，隱瞞。句意：我非常想進去玩玩具，但是我幸好被櫥窗阻隔了。根據(jù)句意，此句含有被動語態(tài)在里面，hold back要用被動語態(tài)。 13．(xx四川，4改編)More expressways________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 答案：will be built　根據(jù)題干中的時間狀語soon可知，用將來時。expressways與build為被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。句意：四川不久將建設(shè)更多的高速公路以促進當?shù)亟?jīng)濟的發(fā)展。 14．(xx重慶，1改編)—Is Peter ing? —No，he ______(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 答案：changed　句意：——Peter來嗎？——沒有，剛才接到一個電話后改變主意了。根據(jù)at the last minute發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時。 15．(xx重慶，13改編)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ______(be) cut. 答案：has been　表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：在我的家鄉(xiāng)，收麥過后農(nóng)民會舉行一個豐收晚宴。 16．(xx福建，26改編)To my delight，I ________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 答案：was chosen　主語I與choose之間為動賓關(guān)系；再由語境可知，choose的動作已經(jīng)完成，故要用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。句意：令我高興的是，我被從數(shù)百名參與者中選中參加開幕式。 17．(xx福建，30改編)—Where is Peter？I cant find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and ________(write) his essay there ever since. 答案：has been writing　由句子中的時間狀語ever since可知，本句要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)或者現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。由語境可知，write動作現(xiàn)在還在進行，要用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。句意：——皮特呢？我到處找不到他?！顼埡笕D書館了。自那之后就一直在那兒寫文章。 18．(xx江蘇，30改編)The real reason why prices________(be), and still are，too high is plex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 答案：were　根據(jù)語境，prices...still are，too high，推出前一空是想說明prices過去也高。故用過去式。該題中still是關(guān)鍵。句意：價格過去高，現(xiàn)在仍舊太高的原因很復雜，短暫的討論是不能令人滿意地解釋這個問題的。 19．(xx四川成都七中段考改編)The young firefighter insisted that he ________(be) wellprepared and ________(send) there to put out the fire. 答案：was；(should) be sent　句意為：那位年輕的消防員堅持說他準備好了，并且堅持要去那里救火。當insist意為“堅持說；堅持認為”時用陳述語氣，故第一空填was；當insist意為“堅持”時，從句謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”，又因為firefighter與send之間為被動關(guān)系，故填(should) be sent。 20．(xx浙江金華十校聯(lián)考改編)Many parents dont want to face it, but the world today is a lot different than it ________(be) in their school days. 答案：was　句意為：(盡管)許多父母不愿意去面對，但今天的世界與他們在學校的歲月已大不相同。根據(jù)語境及時間狀語in their school days可知用一般過去時。 二、單句改錯 1．(xx云南師大附中適應性月考)．..took him to US, where he introduced to the Internet. 答案：introduced前加was　he與introduce是被動關(guān)系，句子應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故加上was。 2．(xx河北唐山一中期中)Today is Sunday. At about 9：00 a．m., I go to the bookstore with my friends. 答案：go改為went　由前面提供的時間狀語判斷句子用一般過去時，故改為went。 3．(xx河北唐山一中期中) Having been seen the film, everyone was deeply moved. 答案：去掉been　句子的主語即為非謂語動詞see的邏輯主語，二者之間是主動關(guān)系，故去掉been，成為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。 4．(xx遼寧沈陽二中期中) Our city had changed a lot in the last 5 years. 答案：had改為has　由時間狀語in the past 5 years可知句子應該用現(xiàn)在完成時。 5．(xx遼寧沈陽二中期中) Many overpasses have set up, so it has bee very convenient for people to travel. 答案：have后加been　overpasses與動詞set up是被動關(guān)系表示“被建立”意義，故句子用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。 6．(xx浙江重點中學協(xié)作體適應性測試)In the past, teachers always keep on explaining the points in class. 答案：keep改為kept　由時間狀語in the past判斷句子用一般過去時，故改為過去式kept。 7．(xx浙江杭州一模)The river was so polluted that itwas actually caught fire and burned. 答案：去掉第二個was　catch fire沒有被動語態(tài)。 8．(xx吉林實驗中學三檢)Nowadays there was a kindof language called Web language. 答案：was改為is　根據(jù)時間狀語nowadays判斷句子用一般現(xiàn)在時。 9．(xx山西省太原一模) Last Friday our school wasinvited a foreign teacher in our city to give a class to thestudents of Senior Grade Two. 答案：去掉was　此處表示“我們學校邀請了……”，our school與invite是主動關(guān)系，故去掉was，句子用一般過去時。 10．(xx山西省太原一模)Sometimes he repeated what we dont understand. 答案：dont改為didnt　根據(jù)主句時態(tài)判斷從句也用一般過去時。 三、語法填空 (xx莆田高中畢業(yè)班教學質(zhì)量檢查改編) I never thought I __1__(be) friends with an Israeli girl, because Israel always seemed so distant.However it just happened __2__(natural)． In September, I took part in a cultural exchange activity at my school and hosted __3__ Israeli girl called Maayan, my best foreign friend ever. When I first met her, she told me in a very embarrassing way that she __4__(leave) her luggage at the airport. I had to contact the airport and asked them to send __5__ to my home. This incident brought us closer, because we can both be careless. There __6__(be) no better and faster way to make friends than sharing the same shorting. We did everything that close friends would do during her stay in China. I found it __7__(amaze) to have so much in mon with someone from somewhere far away from China. We __8__(exchange) knowledge of our countries traditions and histories. Time flew. We had to be apart __9__ we knew it. At the airport, we made the promise to send emails regularly. And since then we __10__(keep) in touch. 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 答案： 1．would be　此處表示“從來沒有想到會做……”，故從句用過去將來時。 2．naturally　修飾動詞happen應用副詞。 3．a(chǎn)n　泛指“一個以色列女孩”，用不定冠詞；Israeli是以元音音素開頭的單詞，故填an。 4．had left　leave her luggage這一動作發(fā)生在過去動作told之前，應用過去完成時。 5．it　send的賓語指的是前面提到的行李，故用代詞it代替。 6．is　there be句式中的be動詞與其后的名詞way一致，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀事實，故填is。 7．a(chǎn)mazing　修飾指代事物的賓語it，作補語，填形容詞amazing“令人驚訝的”。 8．exchanged　由本段前面句子的時態(tài)判斷可知，exchange knowledge是過去的事情，本句應用一般過去時。 9．before　本句意為“不知不覺中我們就不得不要分開了”，be apart應是在knew之前發(fā)生，故填before。 10．have kept　由since then可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時。 四、短文改錯 (xx河北邯鄲質(zhì)檢) This morning, when I is walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looked puzzled. It seemed that they were lost. I went up and asked what I could help them. They told me they are looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to nearest bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, who could take them there directly. They were appreciated my help greatly. Short after that, the bus came and we waved goodbye each other. This was seeing them on the bus that I felt a kind of satisfaction. 答案： This morning, when I walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, puzzled. It seemed that they were lost. I went up and asked I could help them. They told me they looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to nearest bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, could take them there directly. They were appreciated my help greatly. after that, the bus came and we waved goodbye each other. was seeing them on the bus that I felt a kind of satisfaction. 解析： 第一處：is→was　由全文時態(tài)可知。 第二處：looked→looking　描述主語two travelers的狀態(tài)，表示“看上去”，作伴隨狀語，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。 第三處：what→how/if/whether　后面的從句中有主語也有賓語，所以不能用what，根據(jù)主句的謂語動詞asked可知，用if/whether表示“是否”，或者用how表示方式。 第四處：are→were　主句中told和文章的基本時態(tài)一致，所以從句中應把are改為were，表示當時正在發(fā)生的事情。句意為：他們告訴我他們正在找天壇在哪里。 第五處：nearest前加the　形容詞最高級前用定冠詞the。the nearest bus stop意為“最近的公交車站”。 第六處：who→which　此句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Bus No.20，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應用which。 第七處：去掉appreciated前的were　由語境可知，他們感激我的幫助，所以應用主動形式。 第八處：Short→Shortly　表示“不久，很快”用shortly。 第九處：goodbye后加to　wave goodbye to sb.為固定用法，意為“向某人告別”。 第十處：This→It　本句是一個強調(diào)句型，句型結(jié)構(gòu)為it is...that...，故將This改為It。