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面包車(chē)總體及制動(dòng)系設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
底盤(pán)是汽車(chē)三大組成部分的重要一環(huán)。由離合器、變速器、懸架、轉(zhuǎn)向系、制動(dòng)系等組成。因其布置緊湊，技術(shù)要求高成為制約我國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)發(fā)展瓶頸。
該設(shè)計(jì)除了計(jì)算整車(chē)的動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性外，主要論述、布置了底盤(pán)的各組成部分。使各部件有效地與車(chē)架協(xié)調(diào)、統(tǒng)一。
此次設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)是面包車(chē)的總體設(shè)計(jì)。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，主要考慮了各零部件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化和系列化，以便拆裝和維修方便，還重點(diǎn)圍繞汽車(chē)總布置和整車(chē)性能計(jì)算進(jìn)行。根據(jù)已給定的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)和以同類(lèi)車(chē)型，新型車(chē)型為參考，并經(jīng)過(guò)了反復(fù)校核計(jì)算，合理選擇了各檔傳動(dòng)比，及主要技術(shù)參數(shù)(如整車(chē)整備質(zhì)量，裝載質(zhì)量，軸載質(zhì)量，軸距，輪距，整車(chē)長(zhǎng)寬高，車(chē)輪滾動(dòng)半徑等)。利用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行了汽車(chē)總布置，從而得到了合理的軸荷分配與質(zhì)心位置，并對(duì)縱向、橫向穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了計(jì)算，進(jìn)而計(jì)算出最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑。然后計(jì)算了汽車(chē)動(dòng)力性能(包括車(chē)速，牽引力，阻力，加速能力，爬坡度和功率)，繪出了速度曲線圖，牽引力一一行駛阻力平衡圖，行駛加速度曲線圖和功率平衡圖。在燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面，根據(jù)功率平衡與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷特性計(jì)算出汽車(chē)等速百公里油耗量，繪制等速百公里-油耗曲線圖。最后，按1：10比例繪制出車(chē)身總布置圖。
關(guān)鍵詞：總體設(shè)計(jì)，底盤(pán)，動(dòng)力性，燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，等速百公里油耗, 制動(dòng)系
ABSTRACT
The chassis is one of the important part in the three great parts of a car. It consists of a cluth、a transmission、change direction system and brake system. For it’s compact of the arrange and high demand of technology, it become a restrict of car-industry of China.
Apart of the caculation of the motivity and ecnomic of the car, this design discusses and arranges these parts of the chassis. It harmonizes and consolidates these parts with the undercarriage effectively.
This design duty is the light passenger train system design．In the design process，has mainly considered various spare parts standardization，the universalization and the seriation，in order to disassembles and assembles with the service is convenient，but also revolves the automobile always to arrange and the entire vehicle performance computation with emphasis carries on．According to already the engine model and by the similar vehicle type which assigns，the new vehicle type is the reference，and passed through examined the computation repeatedly，reasonably has chosen various grade of velocity ratios，and the main technical parameter (for example the entire vehicle fitted out quality，loading quality，axle load quality，spread of axies，turned distance，the entire vehicle length and breadth was high，wheel rolling radius and so on)．Using the computer—aided design，carried on the automobile always to arrange，thus obtained reasonable axis Holland to assign and the nature heart position，and to longitudinal，the transverse stability has carried on the computation，then calculated the most steep bank radius．Then calculated the automobile dynamic quality (to include vehicle speed，force of traction，resistance，accelerating ability，crawled slope and power)，drew the speed diagram of curves，the force of traction running resistance equilibrium diagram，the travel acceleration diagram of curves and the power equilibrium diagram．In fuel oil efficient aspect，according to power balance and engine load performance computation automobile constant speed hundred kilometers oils consumption quantities，plan constant speed hundred kilometers oil consumption diagrams of curves．Finally，according to 1：10 proportions draw up the automobile body general—arrangement diagram．
KEY WORDS：system design，Chassis，dynamic characteristic, fuel oil efficient， constant speed hundred kilometers oil consumpt，brake system