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專題四語法填空,題型解讀與高考感悟,高頻考點與技巧點撥,高考新編,,考點統(tǒng)計(略),,題型解讀與高考感悟,近兩年語法填空考點布局充分體現(xiàn)了“實詞考查為主，虛詞考查為輔”的命題原則。注意：1.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換以實詞中名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四類為主，而對于名詞的考查近兩年均涉及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查，而未涉及到,考情分析,名詞的所有格，在2016年備考中應(yīng)引起注意；對于代詞的詞形變換考查涉及了人稱代詞與物主代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，反身代詞近兩年還未涉及，也應(yīng)引起注意。2.對于無提示詞類的情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的考查，僅2014年新課標(biāo)全國樣卷中考查了must表推測，2014年新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ考查了助動詞did。指示代詞與不定代詞近兩年均未涉及。,3.特殊句式在近兩年雖然未考查，但備考時應(yīng)注意：倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中助動詞、小句替代中so，neither，nor以及only等的考查；省略結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號to以及結(jié)合狀語從句的省略中非謂語動詞或連詞的考查；強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中it或that的考查；感嘆句中how，what或不定冠詞a/an的考查等。,4.連接性副詞與語境填詞雖然在2014年新課標(biāo)全國樣卷中均有涉及，但可能考慮到這兩類詞均為完形填空考點，故在2014、2015兩年正式考試中均未涉及，但在2015年全國Ⅰ中考查了無提示詞形式的時間副詞before/earlier，故像earlier，ago，later等時間副詞與never，hardly等頻度副詞是否會有考查還需注意。,5.從出題形式上看，近兩年10個設(shè)空中都是7個有提示詞、3個無提示詞，預(yù)計2016年還應(yīng)該以這種比例來突出提示詞考查為主的出題形式。,(一)(2015全國Ⅰ)Yangshuo，ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI61.(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours62.，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong，with63.(it)chokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain.,,真題體驗,arrived,before/earlier,its,I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.(painting).Instead，I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin，it’sonlyanhouraway66.carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.,that/which,paintings,by,Yangshuo67.(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68.(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit69.(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.,is,conducted,regularly,living,(二)(2015全國Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41.(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven42.mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout,built,the,ability,44.(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat45.(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46.(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；47.thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle48.(go)dayafterday：Thewalls,using,slowly,tocool,at,goes,warmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As49.(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.,natural,how,(三)(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland，Ohio.It61.(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62.(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneof63.mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.,was,actually,the,Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64.evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65.(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66.(clean)thanever.,or,toreduce,cleaner,Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67.isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?,that/which,Whilethereare68.(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe69.(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.(patience).,amazing,changes,patient,(四)(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)Onemorning，Iwaswaitingatthebusstop，worriedabout41.(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,42.someofthemlookedveryanxiousand43.(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame，weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44.thewindow，soIhadagoodviewofthe,being,and,disappointed,to,sidewalk.Aboyonabike45.(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefused46.(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still，theboykept47.(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally，whenwecametothenextstop，theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriver,caught,tostop,riding,stoodupandasked，“48.anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？”Awomanonthebusshouted，“Ohdear！It’s49.(I).”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone，andthecrowdofstrangers50.(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.,Did,me/mine,suddenly,(五)(2014新課標(biāo)全國樣卷)Mum：(puttingonhercoat)I’mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan：Why?Mum：I’mnotsurewhat1.(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2.Iwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’re3.(go).,happened,when,gone,Alan：Oh，itmusthavebeenDad.I’msurehewasinthekitchen4.(early).Mum：No，hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished5.(make)them，sohecouldn’thavedoneit.6.，hecouldn’tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff，soI’msure7.wasn’thim.,earlier,making,Anyway,it,Alan：(openingthefridgedoor)Well，itwasn’tme.ButMum，look！Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof8.fridge?Mum：Aretheythere？Oh，mygoodness，I9.haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh，dear.Ireallymustbelosingmy10..Now，whydidIputonmycoat?,the,must,memory/mind,一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉(zhuǎn)換,,高頻考點與技巧點撥,,二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞,,四、純空格填空,,典例1Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit69(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析設(shè)空處修飾謂語動詞arrange，需要一個副詞，故填regularly。,考點,考點1形容詞→副詞,,一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉(zhuǎn)換考點例析,典例217(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015廣東)分析用副詞修飾整個句子。故填Luckily。,,方法歸納修飾動詞?短語?、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，或作狀語時，用副詞形式。,典例1Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析形容詞性物主代詞their之后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故將able轉(zhuǎn)化為其名詞形式ability。,考點,考點2形容詞/動詞→名詞,,一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉(zhuǎn)換考點例析,典例2Severalchildrenareawayfromschoolbecauseof(ill).分析介詞短語becauseof后接賓語，要用名詞，故填illness。,典例3Hehadwitnessedtoomany(die)andwoundsattheBattleofSolferinoinItalyfouryearsearlier，inwhich40,000peoplewerekilled，woundedormissing.分析這里指的是死亡，是可數(shù)名詞，在句中作及物動詞witness的賓語，空前的toomany也暗示應(yīng)用death的復(fù)數(shù)形式deaths。,,方法歸納作主語，或在及物動詞、介詞?短語?后作賓語時，前面可能有限定詞?冠詞?、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾，通常用名詞形式；注意單復(fù)數(shù)形式。,典例1As49(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析修飾名詞architects，故要用形容詞形式natural。,考點,考點3動詞/名詞→形容詞,,一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉(zhuǎn)換考點例析,典例2Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，...(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析此處用形容詞修飾名詞stories。amaze的形容詞有兩個，一個是amazing，另一個是amazed。修飾物(stories)當(dāng)然用amazing。,典例3Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand43(disappoint).(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)分析本句的主語是someofthem，此處and連接兩個并列成分，再結(jié)合前面的形容詞anxious可知，此處也應(yīng)該填一個形容詞。故此處用disappointed表示他們中有些人感到失望。,,方法歸納作表語?系動詞之后?、定語?修飾名詞?或賓語補足語?表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)?時，通常用形容詞形式。注意?？紕釉~分詞的形容詞性化，其形容詞的形式有：-ing結(jié)尾的和ed結(jié)尾的兩種。,用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople’shomeeither(personal)orthroughtheircompanies.(2015安徽，31)2.Itwas(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.(2015福建，23)3.Mostofus，ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom，understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswas(former)alive.(2015浙江，13),,考點專練,personally,considerate,formerly,4.Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome(think)andthenletmeknow.(2015安徽，30)5.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand(comprehension)reviewofthecase.(2015江蘇，31)6.Theclimatehereisquite(please)，thetemperaturerarely，ifever，reaching30℃insummer.(2014福建，28),thought,comprehensive,pleasant,7.Whatwasso(impress)aboutJasmineWestland’svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbarefooted.(2014湖北，27)8.Lifeis(predict)；eventhepoorestmightbecometherichest.(2014江西，30),impressive,unpredictable,9.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt(please)，becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther，itwasprobablythefactthatshesatinthelastrow.(2012廣東)10.—Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?—Well，youknow，Englishismy(strong).Soitismybestchoice.(2012福建，25),pleased,strength,典例1I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65(painting).(2015全國Ⅰ)分析由于該名詞由somany修飾，故填其復(fù)數(shù)形式paintings。,考點,考點1名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與所有格,,二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換考點例析,典例2Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbepatient.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析前面是定冠詞the，因此后面要用名詞，再由謂語動詞are可知此空要用其名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填changes。,典例3It’saboutan(hour)drivefromhere.分析句意為：離這里大約有一個小時的車程?！耙粋€小時的”用所有格，故填hour’s。,,方法歸納若所給提示詞為名詞而空格處也應(yīng)填名詞，注意要弄清名詞的數(shù)與格，即名詞是否需要復(fù)數(shù)形式，或是否需要所有格。,典例1Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(clean)thanever.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析從后面的than可知此處要用比較級，因此要用cleaner。,考點2形容詞與副詞的比較等級,考點,,二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換考點例析,典例2Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths17(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.(2014廣東)分析由前面提到的wehadplannedformonths(我們已經(jīng)計劃了數(shù)月)可知，早在六個月之前我們就已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了，故用比較級earlier。,典例3The68(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.(2014遼寧)分析考查固定句式。這里是“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”句式，表示“越……就越……”。故填harder。,,方法歸納若括號中所給的是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較等級或最高級；注意than或比較級的修飾詞等標(biāo)志性詞或上下文中暗含的比較；其次還要注意一些特殊句式，如：the＋比較級，the＋比較級；“否定詞?can’t/couldn’t?＋比較級”表示最高級等。,典例1Afewhoursbefore，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong，with63(it)chokingsmog.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析空格后面的smog為名詞，故要使用形容詞性物主代詞its來修飾限定。,考點3人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞的變換,考點,,二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換考點例析,典例2Thechildrenamused(they)byplayinghideandseekgames.分析缺賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；這些孩子拿誰取樂，應(yīng)是“自娛自樂(amuseoneself)”，與主語Thechildren一致，故填themselves。類似的短語還有enjoyoneself(玩得開心)，teachoneself(自學(xué))，adaptoneself(適應(yīng))，dressoneself(自己穿衣)，devoteoneselfto(致力于)，byoneself(單獨地)等。,,方法歸納若提示詞是物主代詞?表示某人的?，作主語、賓語或表語用名詞性物主代詞；在名詞前作定語只能用形容詞性物主代詞。反身代詞反指誰，它通常作主語和賓語的同位語，這時應(yīng)與主語或賓語一致；也可作某些動詞或介詞的賓語，這時需與主語一致。,用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Someschoolswillhavetomake(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.(2015江蘇，32)2.Wetendtohavea(good)memoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappealtoouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.(2015浙江，11)3.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itis(good)hehasevergot.(2015四川，7),,考點專練,adjustments,better,thebest,4.Hegave(him)anewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.(2015湖北，22)5.Ican’ttellyouthewaytothe(Wilson)becausewedon’thaveaWilsonhereinthevillage.(2014重慶，6)6.Thisisbyfar(inspiring)moviethatIhaveeverseen.(2013遼寧，33),himself,Wilsons’,themostinspiring,7.Tonycanhardlyboilanegg，still(little)cookdinner.(2013新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ，25)8.Nexttobiology，Ilikephysics(well).(2012大綱全國Ⅱ，13)9.Shecameacrossanoldfriendof(she)yesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.(2011天津，8)10.Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof(I)whenIwasababy.(2010四川，7),less,best,hers,me,典例1ItwasraininglightlywhenI61(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析主句謂語動詞使用了過去進(jìn)行時wasraining，后一句中用了一般過去時didn’tcare，根據(jù)語境此處要用一般過去時態(tài)。故填arrived。,考點,考點1考綱規(guī)定考查的十種時態(tài),,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),考點例析,典例2Thiscycle48(go)dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了土坯房冬暖夏涼的原理。此處指前面提到的循環(huán)不斷地持續(xù)下去，這種情況是客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。又因為主語thiscycle為單數(shù)第三人稱，故填goes。,典例3In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland，Ohio.It61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析事情發(fā)生在1969年，是一個過去的時間，故此處要用一般過去時，又因為主語為it，故填was。,,方法歸納句中若缺少謂語，注意要考慮所給動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。判斷時態(tài)首先要確定時間，然后根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)來判斷應(yīng)該運用哪種時態(tài)。有時也可以根據(jù)空格后和該句中已經(jīng)存在的謂語動詞的并列關(guān)系來確定時態(tài)?？荚囌f明中規(guī)定考的有十種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時。近兩年考查一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時居多。,典例1Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat19(leave).(2015廣東)分析由語境可知，整體為過去時態(tài)，且what與leave之間是被動關(guān)系，故此處用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasleft。,考點,考點2考綱規(guī)定考查的八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Bepatient！TaiChi66(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：...(2014遼寧)分析整篇對話的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。TaiChi與call之間是被動關(guān)系，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填iscalled。,,方法歸納句中缺少謂語，且與主語存在被動關(guān)系，考慮根據(jù)時間和動作存在的方式，確定相應(yīng)時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。注意只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)?？荚囌f明中規(guī)定考的各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)有八種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時。,典例1Unlesssomeextramoney(find)，thetheatrewillclose.(2014大綱全國，22)分析考查一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。由語境可知，此處是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時態(tài)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來；句中主語someextramoney與find之間為動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)。故填isfound。,考點,考點3時態(tài)與語態(tài)中的幾個特殊用法,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidn’tknowhe(come)untilyesterday.(2014重慶，8)分析考查過去進(jìn)行時表過去將來。wascoming為過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)，表示過去將來。know后面為賓語從句，從句動詞相對于know而言指將要發(fā)生的動作，而come，go，leave，start，arrive等瞬間性動詞可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示將來的動作。根據(jù)didn’t可知此處應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來的動作。,典例3Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenarea(run)out.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.(2012重慶，27)分析考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表一般將來與主動表被動。由句中beforethere’snoneleft可知食物還沒有用完，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示“(食品供應(yīng))快用完了”；此外runout為不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態(tài)。故填arerunning。,典例4Yangshuo67(be)reallybeautiful.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。本段介紹陽朔的自然條件，屬客觀事實，要用一般現(xiàn)在時；由于主語是單數(shù)第三人稱形式，故填is。,,方法歸納在確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)時，我們可從四個方面來進(jìn)行判斷：(1)看句子中的時間狀語或時間狀語從句。(2)看上下文的謂語動詞的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：①was/wereabouttodo...when...did...②Itis/hasbeen＋時間段＋since...did...,,③It/This/Thatisthefirsttimethat...have/hasdone...或It/This/Thatwasthefirsttimethat...haddone...④It’s(hightime)that...did/shoulddo⑤Hardlyhad＋主語＋done...when...did...或Nosoonerhad＋主語＋done...than...did...這樣的句型還有很多，平時要注意積累。(4)看與主語存在主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系。若是被動，還需看所給是否為及物動詞，是否考查主動表被動等。(5)注意主謂是否一致。,典例1Hewalkedinasifhe17(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.(2012廣東)分析這是由asif引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，因為是與過去事實相反，故用過去完成時，填hadbought。,考點,考點4虛擬語氣中的時態(tài)與語態(tài),,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI(dance)aswellasher.(2015陜西，23)分析wish后跟賓語從句時，從句中需要用虛擬語氣。由語境可知，此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去式(be用were)。故填danced。,典例3Itisluckywebookedaroom，orwe(have)nowheretostaynow.(2015安徽，32)分析本題考查了虛擬語氣在含蓄條件句中的運用，條件句部分在or中體現(xiàn)，相當(dāng)于ifwehadn’tbookedaroom，wewouldhavenowheretostaynow，根據(jù)“now”可知，是對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬。故填wouldhave。,,方法歸納一旦判定所給動詞在句中作謂語后，就要考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。除了if虛擬條件句，還應(yīng)注意虛擬語氣的標(biāo)志詞，如：suggest，wouldrather，asif，wish，otherwise，or，butfor等。,用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.JustasIgottotheschoolgate，IrealizedI(leave)mybookinthecafe.(2015安徽，24)2.Itisreportedthataspacestation(build)onthemooninyearstocome.(2015安徽，29)3.—IsPetercoming?—No，he(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.(2015重慶，1),,考點專練,hadleft,willbebuilt,changed,4.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe(teach)aclassatthattime.(2015天津，6)5.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2015天津，9)6.Marty(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.(2015陜西，22),willbeteaching,hasbeenreached,hasbeenworking,7.Therealreasonwhyprices(be)，andstillare，toohighiscomplex，andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.(2015江蘇，30)8.Asyougothroughthisbook，you(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.(2015湖南，22),were,willfind,9.HemusthavesensedthatI(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly，“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat？”(2015湖南，28)10.Tomydelight，I(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.(2015福建，26),waslooking,waschosen,11.Inthelastfewyears，China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.(2015北京，26)12.Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenI(ask)，“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”(2015湖南，25),hasmade,asked,典例1Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析“be＋形容詞＋enough＋動詞不定式”為常用句式，意為“足夠……，能夠做某事”。故填tocool。,考點,考點1動詞不定式,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,考點例析,典例2Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow，hestartedcuttingdowntrees23(sell)thewood.(2015廣東)分析砍樹的目的是賣錢，故這里用動詞不定式形式在句中作目的狀語。故填tosell。,典例3Ittookyearsofwork65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式，該句結(jié)構(gòu)為“Ittakes＋時間＋todosth.”。故填toreduce。,典例4Shewishedthathewasaseasy32(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.(2009廣東)分析該句空格前是形容詞，所以用動詞不定式作狀語。故填toplease。,,方法歸納首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子中已有謂語動詞且不是并列謂語時，需考慮非謂語動詞。然后分析非謂語動詞在句中作何成分，再根據(jù)各非謂語動詞的特點確定填哪種形式。對于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，熟記?？几欢ㄊ阶髻e語的動詞以及一些?？季涫健?典例1Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析句中已有謂語動詞arranges，故應(yīng)考慮非謂語動詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用表示主動意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語。故填living。,考點,考點2動詞的-ing形式,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,典例2Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout44(use)electricequipment.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析句中已有謂語，介詞without之后的動詞要用動名詞形式。故填using。,典例3Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.Still，theboykept47(ride).(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)分析根據(jù)空格前面的kept可知，此處是keepdoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。故后面應(yīng)使用v.ing形式，因此需將ride變成riding。,,方法歸納現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果或伴隨，且與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作的主動進(jìn)行行為或正在進(jìn)行中；動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動作；此外，應(yīng)熟記能用動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語。,典例1Astudyoftravelers68(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析句中出現(xiàn)雙動詞conduct與names且無連詞，通過name的第三人稱單數(shù)形式可判定names為句子的謂語，故判定設(shè)空處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞形式作astudy的定語。conduct,考點,考點3動詞的過去分詞,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,與study之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用表示被動的過去分詞形式。此外，by是解題的關(guān)鍵詞，conductedby...意為“由……所做的”。故填conducted。,典例2Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析build與句子謂語areadmired之間無連詞，故應(yīng)填非謂語動詞。主語adobedwellings與動詞build之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式作后置定語。又由by一詞的暗示也可知用表示被動意義的過去分詞。故填built。,,方法歸納過去分詞可作狀語、定語或補語，表示被動與完成；若作表語?？嫉臑樾稳菰~性化的過去分詞；過去分詞不可作主語或賓語。,用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(2015重慶，6)2.Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirway(use)thesunandthestars.(2015重慶，11),,考點專練,Raised,using,考點一非謂語動詞作狀語,3.(work)fortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.(2015天津，8)4.Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile，shestoodrootedtotheground，(wonder)whethertostayorleave.(2015湖南，30)5.(learn)moreaboutChineseculture，JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.(2015福建，28),Havingworked,wondering,Tolearn,6.Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，only(find)itdidn’tfit.(2014天津，5),tofind,考點二非謂語動詞作定語1.Theparkwasfullofpeople，(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.(2015北京，23)2.AmieSalmon，disabled，isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse(appoint)toguardher.(2014浙江，14)3.There’sanotepinnedtothedoor(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(2014山東，6),enjoying,appointed,saying,4.Todaytherearemoreairplanes(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.(2014大綱全國，23)5.Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014北京，28)6.Volunteeringgivesyouachance(change)lives，includingyourown.(2013北京，21),carrying,tobesolved,tochange,考點三非謂語動詞作主語、賓語或表語1.(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.(2015安徽，27)2.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress，AnneBenedictwenton(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.(2015陜西，17),Ignoring,tothank,3.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone(employ)asecurityofficer.(2014山東，9)4.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithout(recognize).(2014北京，35)5.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway，thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying(connect).(2014福建，30)6.Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems(go)wrongwithit.(2013重慶，34),toemploy,beingrecognized,connected,tohavegone,,考點四非謂語動詞作賓補或主補1.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething；goingtohearit(perform)liveisquiteanother.(2015浙江，18)2.LittleTomsat(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.(2015四川，9),beingperformed,amazed,3.BackfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinAfrica，Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother(take)goodcareofathome.(2015陜西，18)4.Heisthought(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(2014江西，34)5.Whenwesawtheroad(block)withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.(2013北京，29),taken,tohaveacted,blocked,6.Letthoseinneed(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.(2013陜西，13),understand,考點五省略句中的非謂語動詞及獨立主格1.Muchtime(spend)sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2015江蘇，24)2.Children，when(accompany)bytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.(2014湖南，21)3.Thelecture(give)，alivelyquestionandanswersessionfollowed.(2014江蘇，29),spent,accompanied,havingbeengiven,4.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden，weather(permit).(2012新課標(biāo)全國，28)5.Batsaresurprisinglylonglivedcreatures，some(have)alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江，3),perm