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2019年高考英語 Unit 1 Great scientists課時作業(yè) 新人教版必修5 Ⅰ. 單項填空 1. (xx洛陽模擬)—What made your skin look so terrible? —　　　to the sunlight for a long time. A. Because it was exposed　 B. After being exposed C. Being exposed D. Exposed 2. When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa,______ in conversation. A. absorbing B. absorbed C. to absorb D. to be absorbed 3. (xx西安模擬)The idea of traveling abroad really　　　a lot of Chinese people. That’s why every year witnesses more people applying for passports. A. sticks to B. contributes to C. attends to D. appeals to 4. (xx吉林模擬)You’d better give up smoking, Tom, for many diseases are______ to smoking, you know. A. linked B. led C. exposed D. blamed 5. The doctor　　　　you for your cough is sure to　　　　it. A. curing; treat B. cures; treating C. treating; cure D. treats; cure 6. It was the boy, rather than his teachers, that　　　　for what the boy had done. A. were to blame B. were to be blamed C. was to blame D. was to be blamed 7. I think you need some outdoor exercise. Plenty of fresh air will　　　good health. A. contribute to B. devote to C. apply to D. adjust to 8. (xx東北三校模擬)—What are the workers talking about? —They are discussing the idea the old worker　　　at the meeting yesterday. A. put forward B. came up C. set off D. brought out 9. (xx孝感模擬)The individual word may　　　, but the sentence as a whole makes no sense. A. take effect B. make sense C. leave behind D. let down 10. 　　　　cleaning the yard and making up the beds for the old, we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them. A. Except for B. Rather than C. Apart from D. Instead of 11. (xx吉林模擬)I suggested not only　　　to the meeting but also give a speech there. A. did he go B. his going C. should he go D. he should go 12. After all things had been discussed, the meeting was　　　　with the applause. A. pleted B. contained C. constructed D. concluded 13. Don’t stop　　　you e to a word or a phrase you don’t know. A. for the first time B. because C. every time D. since 14. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to　　　　the problem. A. handle B. raise C. face D. present 15. (xx唐山模擬)Her uncle made a film　　　his story in his childhood. A. based on B. was based on C. basing on D. to base on Ⅱ. 完形填空 (xx三明模擬) 　　This is a story that can teach us a good lesson. One day, a man in rags begged from door to door along the street. With an old wallet in his hand, he was asking for a few coins to buy something to eat. He kept plaining about his bad fortune and kept　1　why those who had so much money were never　2　and were always desiring more. 　　 “As far as I’m concerned, if I had only enough to　3　and to wear, I would not want anything more. ” 　　Just at that moment Goddess of Fortune, who came down the　4　saw the beggar and said to him, “Hi, I have wished to　5　you for a long time. Now, open your　6　and I will pour my gold into it. But I will do that only on this　7　: All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon the　8　shall bee dust. Do you understand? ” 　　 “I see. ” said the beggar. 　　 “Then you should　9　! It’s obvious that your wallet is a(n)　10　one, so don’t load it too heavily, ” said the Goddess of Fortune. 　　The excited beggar could hardly　11　to have gold. He quickly opened his wallet, and a　12　of yellow coins was poured into it. The wallet grew heavier and heavier. 　　“Is that enough? Isn’t it cracking? ” asked Goddess of Fortune. “Never　13　. It’s still strong enough now. ” answered the beggar. 　　The wallet was filled with so many coins that the beggar’s hands began to　14　. “Ah, if only the golden stream would　15　forever! Just a little more, ” said the beggar, “　16　just a handful or two. ” 　　 “There! It’s full. The wallet will　17　. ” warned the Goddess of Fortune, but the beggar requested, “It will　18　a little more, just a little more. ” 　　One more piece was added and the wallet split. The　19　fell upon the ground and became dust. The greedy beggar now had　20　but his broken wallet. (338W) 1. A. showing　　　　　　　B. explaining C. proving D. wondering 2. A. relaxed B. satisfied C. worried D. depressed 3. A. learn　　　 B. watch　　　 C. eat　　　 D. play 4. A. street B. bridge C. yard D. forest 5. A. praise B. forgive C. help D. fort 6. A. coat B. pocket C. box D. wallet 7. A. occasion B. suggestion C. situation D. condition 8. A. hand B. feet C. ground D. street 9. A. look out B. look after C. look up D. look down 10. A. small B. empty C. worn D. full 11. A. stand B. wait C. breathe D. think 12. A. stream B. piece C. pair D. variety 13. A. stop B. request C. fear D. insist 14. A. spread B. close C. loose D. shake 15. A. pour B. end C. dry D. melt 16. A. take B. add C. lend D. send 17. A. flow B. burst C. disappear D. change 18. A. attract B. permit C. include D. hold 19. A. present B. food C. treasure D. metal 20. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something Ⅲ. 閱讀理解 Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of plex substance. His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the “building blocks of life” . In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell. During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures. From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. (315W) 1. From the first Paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling　　　　. A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes C. was once badly treated in Washington High School D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living 2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first? A. The “behavior” of molecules. B. Physical chemistry. C. Biological chemistry. D. The human body. 3. During World WarⅡ, Linus Pauling　　　　. A. had to stop his research because of the war B. made great contributions to the safety of the country C. joined the army to fight for the safety of the country D. took part in researching nuclear bombs 4. Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty? A. The use of nuclear weapons. B. Testing hydrogen bombs on the ground. C. Testing hydrogen bombs under the surface of the ground. D. The production of the hydrogen bombs. 5. The main idea of the passage is to show　　　　. A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace 【語篇隨練】 Ⅰ. 寫出完形填空中單詞或短語的含義 1. in rags_____________ 2. fortune n. _____________ 3. depressed adj. _____________ 4. load vt. _____________ Ⅱ. 翻譯閱讀理解的句子 Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. 【譯】_______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Ⅲ. 用30個詞左右概括閱讀理解文章大意 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案解析 Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】選C?？疾楣潭ńY構。句意: ——是什么讓你的皮膚看起來這么難看? ——是長時間暴露于陽光下所致。be exposed to暴露于……, 答語是省略句, 此處用作主語, 故用動詞-ing形式。 2. 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意: 當他三個小時后回來時, 他們?nèi)宰谏嘲l(fā)上, 聚精會神地交談。be absorbed in為固定搭配, 意為 “專心于” , 所以此處應用absorb的過去分詞形式, 作伴隨狀語。 3. 【解析】選D。考查動詞短語辨析。句意: 出國旅游的想法的確吸引了許多中國人。這就是為什么每年都有更多的人申請護照的原因。appeal to對……有吸引力, 符合句意。stick to堅持; contribute to捐獻, 促成, 為……作貢獻; attend to處理, 對付, 照料。 【變式備選】 I always have so many things to　　　　when I e back to the pany after a trip abroad. A. add to B. stick to C. attend to D. appeal to 【解析】選C。句意: 當我每次出國旅行回到公司時, 我總有很多事要處理。attend to處理。add to增加; stick to堅持; appeal to懇求, 請求; 吸引……, 這三項都不符合句意。 4.【解析】選A。句意: 你最好把煙戒掉, 湯姆, 你應該知道, 很多疾病都與抽煙有關系。be linked to sth. 與某物有聯(lián)系, 符合句意。lead to “導致” , 一般不用于被動語態(tài); blame多用于be to blame結構, 表示 “應該受到指責” 。 【變式備選】 You can see programs broadcast by any station because television stations around the country are　　　　by satellite. A. linked B. bined C. attached D. associated 【解析】選A。link意為 “連接; 聯(lián)系” , 表示 “全國的電視臺通過衛(wèi)星聯(lián)系在一起” 。bine意為 “(使)聯(lián)合, (使)結合” ; attach意為 “使附屬, 使隸屬” ; associate意為 “使聯(lián)合” 。 5. 【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意: 給你治療咳嗽的那個大夫保證給你治好病。treat治療; cure治愈; treating you for your cough現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。 6. 【解析】選C。be to blame表示 “應該受責備” , 從結構分析主語應當為the boy, 因此選C。 7. 【解析】選A。考查動詞短語辨析。句意: 我認為你需要些戶外鍛煉, 足夠的新鮮空氣有利于健康。contribute to有助于, 導致; devote to奉獻; apply to適用; adjust to調(diào)節(jié)以適應。 8. 【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意: ——工人們在談論什么? ——他們在討論那位老工人昨天在會上提出的想法。put forward提出, 符合句意。e up被提及, 發(fā)生; set off出發(fā), 引起; bring out取出, 出版。 【變式備選】 The workers will go on strike if the demands they　　　　are turned down. A. put aside B. put through C. put forward D. put away 【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意: 如果工人們提出的要求被拒絕的話, 他們會繼續(xù)罷工。put forward提出(主意、計劃等), 符合句意。put aside把……放在一邊; put through給……接通電話; put away把……收起來, 均不符合句意。 9.【解析】選B。句意: 單個的單詞可能有意義, 但是整個句子沒有意義。make sense有意義, 講得通, 符合句意。take effect生效; leave behind忘帶, 留下; let down放下, 使失望。 【變式備選】 —What’s the main idea of the passage, Bob? —Sorry, I can’t make　　　　of it. It’s beyond my ability. 7A. judgement B. understanding C. idea D. sense 【解析】選D。句意: ——Bob, 這篇文章的中心思想是什么? ——對不起, 我看不懂(這篇文章)。它超出我的能力范圍了。make sense of明白, 理解。 10. 【解析】選C。考查短語辨析。apart from具有不同的含義: 可以表排除或例外, 也可以表包括。根據(jù)also可知, 我們所做的包括cleaning the yard和making up the beds這兩件事, 故用apart from, 在此表包括。except for除……之外(表排除); rather than而不是; instead of代替。 11. 【解析】選C。考查suggest的用法和倒裝句。句意: 我建議他不但要參加這次會議, 而且還要在那兒作報告。not only. . . but also. . . 連接兩個并列句子時, not only引導的句子要倒裝。再根據(jù)前面主句是 “I suggested. . . ” 可以排除A項。因此C項為正確答案。 【變式備選】 Jane’s pale face suggested that she　　　　ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 【解析】選B。句中第一個suggest意為 “表明” , 從句不用虛擬語氣, 應用過去時態(tài); 第二個suggest意為 “建議” , 從句應用虛擬語氣, 本句省略了should。 12. 【解析】選D。conclude意為 “結束” , 指徹底結束、關閉, 可用于講話、寫作、會議、條約甚至生意的正式結束, 有時也可指以任何方式結束; plete意為 “完成” , 表示 “使完整” ; contain意為 “包含, 容納” ; construct意為 “建造” 。 13. 【解析】選C?？疾檫B接詞的用法。按照句意此處需要一個連詞來連接時間狀語從句, C項符合。A項介詞短語不用來連接從句; B項表示原因; D項表示原因、條件, 均不合適。 14. 【解析】選A。句意: 因為這兒沒人知道機器出了什么故障, 所以我們必須派人去請一個工程師來解決這個難題。handle處理, 解決; raise提出; face正視; present介紹, 呈現(xiàn), 呈遞。由句意可知A項正確。 15. 【解析】選A。句意: 她叔叔制作了一部以他自己童年的經(jīng)歷為基礎的電影。分析句子結構可知, film后為非謂語動詞作定語, 相當于定語從句which was based on his story in his childhood, 故用過去分詞形式。 Ⅱ. 　　一個沿街乞討的乞丐遇到了財富女神, 財富女神給了乞丐許多金幣, 同時告誡乞丐, 金幣掉到地上則化為灰塵。貪婪的乞丐不聽勸告, 導致金幣撐破錢包化為灰塵, 乞丐又變得一無所有。故事告誡人們面對金錢不要貪得無厭。 1. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)第一段最后一句 “為什么那些人如此有錢卻從不滿足, 還想得到更多。” 可知乞丐對此百思不得其解, “keep wondering” (一直想知道)符合句意。 2. 【解析】選B。還想得到更多, 所以不滿足, B項符合句意。 3. 【解析】選C。由常識可知, 乞丐最重要的是要解決吃和穿的問題。eat(吃)對應下面提到的 “穿” , 符合語境。learn學習; watch看, 觀察; play玩, 均不符合語境。 4. 【解析】選A。根據(jù)第一段, 乞丐在沿街乞討, 所以財富女神降落到大街上才能看到乞丐。street(街道)符合語境。bridge橋; yard院子; forest森林, 均不符合語境。 5. 【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文, “打開你的錢包, 我要給你一些金子” , 可知財富女神在幫助乞丐。所以選help, 意為 “幫助” 。praise表揚; forgive原諒; fort安慰, 均不符合語境。 6. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)第三段中的 “All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold” (所有進入你錢包的都是純金)可知乞丐打開的是一個錢包, 所以選wallet, 意為 “錢包” 。 7. 【解析】選D。只有在這種條件下, “我” 才會去做。 “All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon the　　　shall bee dust. ” 指上文提到的這種條件。condition條件、狀況, 符合句意。 8. 【解析】選C。句意: 每一枚金幣掉到地上都會變成塵土。ground(地面)符合語境。 9. 【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文財富女神告誡乞丐不要裝得太重, 提醒乞丐注意、當心。所以選look out。look after照顧; look up仰視, 向上看; look down俯視。 10. 【解析】選C。上文中 “With an old wallet in his hand” 表明這是一個舊錢包, 所以選worn, 意思是: 用舊的。 11. 【解析】選B。could hardly wait to do sth. 意為: 迫不及待做某事。句意: 激動的乞丐早已迫不及待地想拿到金子。 12. 【解析】選A。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中提到的 “golden stream” 可知答案。 13. 【解析】選C。通過乞丐告訴財富女神錢包現(xiàn)在還很結實, 可知不要為錢包擔心。Never fear. 不要害怕。 14. 【解析】選D。句意: 錢包裝了如此多的金幣, 乞丐的手開始發(fā)抖。shake(發(fā)抖)符合語境。spread伸展; close關閉; loose放松, 均不符合語境。 15. 【解析】選A。乞丐希望金子源源不斷地流出, 四個選項中只有pour(流出)能形象地描繪出乞丐的貪婪。 16. 【解析】選B。對應前文的 “Just a little more, ” 可知, 這里表達的意思是: 貪婪的乞丐想再往錢包中多裝一兩把金子。add(添加)符合句意。take拿, 攜帶; lend借出; send發(fā)送, 均不符合語境。最后一段第一句話也有原詞復現(xiàn): One more piece was added and the wallet split. 。 17. 【解析】選B。錢包已經(jīng)裝滿了, 而且是一個舊錢包, 繼續(xù)裝可能會裂開。所以選burst “破裂” 。下文中的 “split” 為同義詞復現(xiàn)。 18. 【解析】選D。貪婪的乞丐認為錢包還能多裝一點。hold “容納” , 符合語境。 19. 【解析】選C。treasure(財寶)這里指代金幣。錢包破裂后金幣自然會掉到地上。present禮物; food食物; metal金屬, 均不符合句意。 20. 【解析】選A。句意: 貪婪的乞丐現(xiàn)在除了破裂的錢包一無所有。nothing什么也沒有。 Ⅲ. 　　本文主要介紹了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其對世界所做出的杰出貢獻。他是唯一一位兩度獨立獲諾貝爾獎的科學家。 1. 【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。從第一段最后一句話 “He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ” 可以得出正確答案為D選項。 2. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。從第二段第二句話 “His interest in the‘behavior’of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ” 我們可以看出, Pauling的興趣發(fā)生了變化, 從physical chemistry轉(zhuǎn)到了biological chemistry上, 所以正確答案為B選項。 3. 【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話 “During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ” 可以得出正確答案為B選項。 4. 【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話 “Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. ” 可以得出正確答案為C選項。 5. 【解析】選B。主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其對世界的貢獻, 所以應該選擇B選項。 【語篇隨練】 Ⅰ. 1.衣衫襤褸 2.財富; 命運 3.沮喪的, 意志消沉的 4.裝, 填; 使擔負 Ⅱ. 在他的努力下, 《禁止核試驗協(xié)定》于1963年10月10日生效, 該協(xié)定宣布: 所有核試驗都要在地下進行, 否則就是非法的。就在同一天Linus Pauling獲得諾貝爾和平獎。 Ⅲ. This passage is mainly about Linus Pauling’s achievements through his life and his great contributions to the world. He is the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes.