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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致 北師大版 　　一、就近一致原則 1．由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 2．here/there引導(dǎo)一個句子而主語又不止一個時，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。 Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. 二、意義一致原則 1．謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)的情況 (1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)，news(消息)等作主語時，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。 Politics is his favorite subject. (2)表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報名、國名、地名等作主語時，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? 2．謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，public，cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police are searching for the murderer. 3．謂語動詞的形式依據(jù)主語表示的意義而定 (1)集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，club，pany，government，population等作主語時，謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)其在語境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)其表示集體中各個組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個體概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. (2)“the＋形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 三、語法一致原則 1．由and連接的兩個名詞作主語 (1)“a/the＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋名詞單數(shù)”表示一個人(雙重身份)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. (2)“a/the＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋a/the＋名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The teacher and the poet have just arrived. (3)“every＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋every＋名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個人，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country. (4)通常由兩個部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Bread and butter is not to his taste. 2．表示時間、數(shù)量、長度及價格的名詞，盡管有時是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Is fifty pounds enough? 3．“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來定，如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Twothirds of the books are about science. Only 30% of the work was done yesterday. 1．Listening to loud music at rock concerts________caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(xx湖南，33) A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has D．have 2．Such poets as Shakespeare________widely read，of whose works，however，some________difficult to understand.(xx四川，15) A．a(chǎn)re；are B．is；is C．a(chǎn)re；is D．is；are 3．Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________evening dress.(xx全國Ⅱ，9) A．wear B．wears C．has worn D．have worn 4．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1997.(xx山東，25) A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has been D．have been 5．Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ visit Beijing this summer.(xx陜西，7) A．is going to B．a(chǎn)re going to C．was going to D．were going to 一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．—Several department stores，including the one we usually go to，________________(have) sidewalk sales this week. —Let’s go and have a look. 2．What the science teacher does and says ________(be) of great importance to college students. 3.A number of students ________(be) playing on the ground but I don’t know what the exact number ________(be)． 4.We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that ________(be) to blame for their son’s bad behaviour at school. 5．—Mike，what did our monitor say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who ________(be) to visit the museum_________(be) asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning. 6．Britain in mon with many other industrialized countries，________________(experience) major changes over the last 100 years. 7．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority ________(be) religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 8．So far a series of problems ________________(be) brought about by this decision. 二、單項填空 1．The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and water of its lakes，rivers and oceans. A．has B．do C．is D．a(chǎn)re 2．In fact，not only Mary and I but also Jane ________ having one exam after another. A．is tired for B．a(chǎn)re tired with C．is tired of D．a(chǎn)re tired of 3．—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited. A．were B．have been C．has been D．was 4．At the bus stop ________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A．were B．was C．is D．sits 5．Butter and bread ________ their daily food，but the bread and the butter ________ up now. A．is；is eaten B．a(chǎn)re；have been eaten C．a(chǎn)re；are eaten D．is；have been eaten 6．An average of 200 letters a week ________ received by the newspaper’s offer.Such ________ the case with us at present. A．a(chǎn)re；is B．has been；has been C．have been；is D．is；are 7．It’s said that the team ________ twelve top European players. A．consists of B．is consisted of C．a(chǎn)re made up of D．make up of 8．Sixty miles ________ in a single night，so they were exhausted. A．is covered B．was covered C．a(chǎn)re covered D．has covered 9．________ an EnglishChinese dictionary. A．The students each have B．The students each has C．Each the students has D．Each of the students have 10．________ of the Russian students，teachers and parents was over 1,000；and ________ of them were killed unfortunately. A．The number；the number B．The number；a number C．A number；half D．A number；three quarters 11．Email，as well as telephones，________ an important part in daily munication. A．is playing B．have played C．a(chǎn)re playing D．play 12．All but one ________ here just now. A．is B．was C．has been D．were 13．Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. A．is used B．a(chǎn)re used C．has been used D．have been used 14．He is the only one of the students who ________ the winner of scholarship for three years. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．have been D．has been 15．When and where to go for the onsalary holiday ________ yet. A．a(chǎn)re not decided B．have not been decided C．is not being decided D．has not been decided 16．No one in the department but Tom and I ________ that the director is going to resign. A．knows B．know C．have known D．a(chǎn)m to know 17．The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A．was B．were C．had been D．would be 18．All the employees except the manager ________ to work online at home. A．encourages B．encourage C．is encouraged D．a(chǎn)re encouraged 答案 感悟高考 1．C　[句意為：聽搖滾音樂會中的大聲的音樂已導(dǎo)致一些青少年失聰了。本題主語為動名詞短語，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)是主動語態(tài)，故C項正確。] 2．A　[句意為：一些詩人，像莎士比亞，(其作品)被廣泛閱讀，然而，其中一些作品是難以理解的。句中of whose works到句末為非限制性定語從句；第一個空的主語是some poets，故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；第二個空的主語是some of whose works，謂語動詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。] 3．B　[句意為：Barbara很容易被辨認(rèn)出來，因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ灰幻┩矶Y服的婦女。題干中先行詞是the only one，故定語從句中用單數(shù)謂語動詞；再根據(jù)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時知，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時。] 4．C　[“the number of＋n.”作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；由since 1997可知句子的時態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。] 5．A　[當(dāng)主語后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保持一致，故可排除B、D兩項；根據(jù)時間狀語this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)。] 領(lǐng)悟語法 一、1.are having　2.is　3.are；is　4.is　5.are；is 6．has experienced　7.were　8.have been 二、1.D　[as...as...在這里表示“同……一樣”的意思。句意為：大氣是地球的一部分，就像土壤，湖里、河里、海洋里的水(是地球的一部分)一樣。后面是一個省略句。原句還原為完整的句子為The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans are a part of it.。后面因?yàn)橛胊nd連接了soil和water，故用復(fù)數(shù)are。] 2．C　[not only...but also連接的成分作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)就近原則來定，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。] 3．D　[主語是every boy and girl，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨晚的情況，有明確的過去時間，所以應(yīng)選擇was。] 4．A　[表處所的介詞短語置于句首時句子要用倒裝，該句的主語是a soldier and two young people，所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。] 5．D　[butter and bread抹上黃油的面包，已經(jīng)是一種約定俗成的食物了，所以用單數(shù)形式；the bread and the butter意為“面包和黃油”，是兩種食物，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。] 6．A　[an average of＋名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the average of＋名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；第二個句子是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是the case，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。] 7．A　[the team是指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；consist of無被動形式。] 8．B　[表示距離的詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；由were可知用過去式。cover意為“行過(路程)”。] 9．A　[each作the students的同位語，故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；D項中的主語是each，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)；沒有C項這種表達(dá)形式。] 10．B　[the number of＋名詞作主語時，意為“……的數(shù)量”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a number of＋名詞作主語時，意為“大量的……”，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。] 11．A　[Email作主語為單數(shù)，句中謂語也用單數(shù)。] 12．D　[All but one，意為“所有人除了一個”，主語依然是All，復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。] 13．C　[every possible means每一種可行的方式；means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。] 14．D　[有the only修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。] 15．D　[when and where to do雖有and 連接，但指同一事，作主語時看成單數(shù)。] 16．A　[no one在句中作主語，謂語用單數(shù)，且時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故用knows。] 17．A　[the teacher作主語，謂語用單數(shù)(was)且和visiting構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時。] 18．D　[all the employees在句中作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，且表示被動，故用are encouraged。]