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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 北師大版 一、動詞時態(tài)的用法 1．一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)由連詞if，unless，however等引導的時間(條件、讓步)狀語從句，需用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。 However much advice you give him，he will do exactly what he wants. (2)安排或計劃要做的動作(有時間狀語)限于begin，e，leave，go，arrive等一類動詞。 I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p．m.tomorrow. 2．一般過去時 過去一段時間內經?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的行為，常與every day，often，sometimes等時間狀語連用。 I used to play football when I was young. 3．一般將來時 (1)will＋do表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)，常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用；或表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢。 Fish will die without water. (2)be going to＋do表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進行的事。此外還表示根據現(xiàn)在的跡象，對未來進行推測。 Look at the clouds.It is going to rain. (3)be about to＋do表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為“正要；很快，馬上”。后面一般不跟具體的時間狀語，但是可以由when連接一個并列句。 We are about to leave. (4)be to＋do表示事先商定、安排或準備要做的事情；還表示可能性、必要、責任、義務、禁止等。 She is to get married next month. (5)用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。表示位置轉移的動詞(go，e，leave，start，arrive等)，可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。 Uncle Wang is ing. 4．現(xiàn)在進行時 表示說話人對主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等感情色彩，常與always，constantly，continually等副詞連用。 She is always asking the same question. 5．現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，或者還要延續(xù)下去，句中常有since，for，yet，already等表示一段時間的狀語。 Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. 6．過去進行時 過去進行時表示在過去某個時刻正在進行的動作或存在的過去某個階段正在做的事情。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 7．過去完成時 (1)表示在過去某個時刻前已經發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，或者從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)。 My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here. (2)表示希望或打算的動詞(如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等)的過去完成時，后接不定式to do時，表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，即“本來希望或打算做某事(但卻沒做)”。 I had planned to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so. (3)用于下列特殊句型中： ①hardly/scarcely/barely had...done...when...；no sooner had...done...than...。從句中用一般過去時，表示“剛剛……就……”。 Hardly had I opened the door when he told me. ②It/That/This was the first/second...time＋that從句。that從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。 It was the second time he had been out with her. 8．過去將來時 過去將來時表示從過去的觀點來預計以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時態(tài)常用于賓語從句中，主句常是一般過去時。 He always said that he would study hard at that time. 二、被動語態(tài)的用法 1．不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態(tài)。 Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. 2．當動作的承受者比起動作的執(zhí)行者來說更能引起人們的關注而需要加以強調時，要用被動語態(tài)。 This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. 3．含有雙賓語的句子，主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語，另一個保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z的若是主動句中的直接賓語，間接賓語前則需加介詞to或for。 The pianist gave the pupils(間接賓語) some advice (直接賓語)． →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. →Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. 4．在主動語態(tài)句中，動詞make，have，let，see，watch，hear，feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態(tài)時后面的不定式都需加上to。 The boss made them work ten hours a day. →They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss. 1．Every few years，the coal workers ________ their lungs Xrayed to ensure their health.(xx上海，28) A．are having B．have C．have had D．had had 2．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they________before leaving their hometowns.(xx福建，28) A．promised B．were promised C．have promised D．have been promised 3．—Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No.I________the book，so I already knew the story.(xx安徽，28) A．was reading B．had read C．am reading D．have read 4．This coastal area________a national wildlife reserve last year.(xx湖南，24) A．was named B．named C．is named D．names 一、用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．—Remember how we met for the first time，Dick? —Of course I do.You ________________(walk) to the teachers’ office hurriedly and ______________(not notice) me. 2．Today，tourists do not see any person in Pompeii，which，though，________(be) once a busy city of twentytwo thousand people. 3．—Can I have a talk with you at about 5 this afternoon，Mr.Smith? —All right.I ________________________(e) back to my office from a conference then.I will be waiting for you there. 4．—Have you known the result of the Chinese team at Singapore Open Badminton Tournament? —It ________(win) three titles，I remember clearly. 5．Be careful with such things.If you ________(not be)，you’ll drop them. 二、單項填空 1．By the time he gets home，his father ________ for Paris on business. A．has left B．will have left C．had left D．will leave 2．Mr.White works as a journalist at present，but he ________ in a high school for several years. A．has worked B．worked C．had worked D．has been working 3．The coffee is wonderful！It doesn’t taste like anything I ________ before. A．had ever had B．was having C．have D．have ever had 4．—What’s that noise？Is the water still running? —Oh，my god！I ________ to turn it off after I brushed my teeth. A．was forgetting B．forgot C．had forgotten D．am forgetting 5．I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________it.Was it you? A．has done B．had done C．would do D．will do 6．They became partners at work that day.Until then，they ________ to each other for nearly three years. A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．haven’t been speaking 7．The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get the book she ________ in the office. A．had written；left B．were writing；has left C．had written；had left D．were writing；had left 8．—How did you get on in your final exam? —I have no idea.The papers ________. A．are being marked B．would be marked C．have been marked D．had been marked 9．Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ________ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A．has been caused B．had been caused C．will be caused D．will have been caused 10．The novels written by the author sell best，but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he ________ in the literary(文學的) world. A．was playing B．was to play C．had played D．played 答案 感悟高考 1．B　[根據時間狀語every few years，可判斷本句應為一般現(xiàn)在時，故選B。] 2．D　[句意為：每年大量農民工涌入深圳，去尋找他們離鄉(xiāng)前別人給他們許諾的掙錢的工作。此處農民工是“被許諾工作”，需用被動語態(tài)，故排除A和C兩項；B項僅表一般過去時的被動；D項表示“已經被許諾”，故選D。] 3．B　[句意為：——你對這部電影的結局驚訝嗎？——不，我已經讀過這本書，早知道結局了。從上下文句意看，應用過去完成時。] 4．A　[此處表示該地區(qū)是被命名，且時間狀語為last year，故A項正確。] 領悟語法 一、1.were walking；didn’t notice　2.was　3.will have e　4.won　5.aren’t 二、1.B　[by the time he gets home是用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，主句用將來完成時。] 2．B　[一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在沒關系。句意為：Mr.White現(xiàn)在是個記者，但在高中工作過幾年。] 3．D　[before作副詞用時通常與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)連用。] 4．B　[一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在沒關系，“忘記”只是發(fā)生在過去現(xiàn)在已經想起(沒關水管)來了。] 5．B　[本題考查時態(tài)。句意為：我正要去修剪玫瑰花叢，但有人已經修剪了，是你嗎？由題意可知用過去完成時。] 6．B　[speak發(fā)生在became之前，故應該用過去完成時。] 7．D　[當went to get a book這個動作發(fā)生時另外一個動作write正在發(fā)生，第一空應該用過去進行時；leave發(fā)生在went之前，故第二空用過去完成時。] 8．A　[I have no idea暗示試卷應該在批閱之中，還沒有結果。] 9．A　[cause發(fā)生在swept之后，又因強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。] 10．B　[be to do表將來，五年前沒有人能想像他(將來)在文學界的作用。]