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2019年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 閱讀理解題型專攻提能專訓(xùn) 閱讀理解(廣告信息類＋科普研究類＋生態(tài)環(huán)保類＋社會文化類＋時事新聞類＋人物故事類＋議論說理類＋史地人文類) A Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someones life? If yes，dont care about sex or age！e and join us，then youll_make_it! Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals) Place：Manchester Hours：Part Time We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives！Only 4 days left.Dont miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! Role： You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued. Skills and Experience Required： You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to municate in fluent written and spoken English since youll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you. 1．The text is meant to ________. A．leave a note B．send an invitation C．present a document D．carry an advertisement 2．What does the underlined part mean? A．Youll make others lives more meaningful with this job. B．Youll arrive home just in time from this job. C．Youll earn a good salary from this job. D．Youll succeed in getting this job. 3．The volunteers primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________. A．to get some financial support B．to properly protect themselves C．to learn some new living skills D．to realize their own importance 4．Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer? A．The one who can drive a car. B．The one who has done similar work before. C．The one who has patience to listen to others. D．The one who can use English to municate. 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是一則廣告。廣告中招募志愿者，幫助智障人，讓智障人意識到他們的重要性。 1．D　解析：考查推理判斷。從文中Position，Place，Hours，Role以及Skills and Experience Required的相關(guān)信息可知，短文為廣告。 2．A　解析：考查句意理解。從文章中的“Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someones life”以及第二段中的“If yes，dont care about sex or age！e and join us, then youll_make_it”可知，youll make it意為“參加廣告中的志愿工作，你將讓別人的生活更有意義”。 3．D　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中Role部分的“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued”可知，志愿者的基本工作是讓智障人意識到他們的重要性。 4．B　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中Skills and Experience Required部分的“Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you”可知，以前有類似工作經(jīng)歷的人優(yōu)先。 B A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(筆記本電腦)． Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught. Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said. In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual notetaking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts. The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts. The researchers report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears.” In another experiment aimed at testing longterm memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam. These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future. 5．More and more students favor laptops for notetaking because they can________. A．write more notes B．digest concepts better C．get higher scores D．understand lectures better 6．While taking notes，laptop users tend to be________. A．skillful B．mindless C．thoughtful D．tireless 7．The author of the passage aims to________. A．examine the importance of longterm memory B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand C．explain the process of taking notes D．promote the use of laptops 8．The passage is likely to appear in________. A．a(chǎn) newspaper advertisement B．a(chǎn) puter textbook C．a(chǎn) science magazine D．a(chǎn) finance report 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。本文揭示實驗研究的結(jié)果，用筆記本電腦記筆記的人記憶和應(yīng)用概念的能力較差，而用手記筆記的人在考試中的表現(xiàn)更好。 5．A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)”可知，學(xué)生越來越多地使用筆記本電腦記筆記是因為它的速度和清晰度，這說明用筆記本電腦記筆記速度快、記得多。故選A。 6．B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught”可知，研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)筆記本電腦的使用者沒能記住和應(yīng)用教給他們的概念。由此可推知，筆記本電腦的使用者在記筆記時是不動腦子的。故選B。 7．B　解析：推理判斷題。本文通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)了用筆記本電腦記筆記的不良效果和用手記筆記的優(yōu)勢，兩者相比突出了用手記筆記的好處。故選B。 8．C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文揭示實驗研究的結(jié)果，用筆記本電腦記筆記的人記憶和應(yīng)用概念的能力較差，而用手記筆記的人在考試中的表現(xiàn)更好。由此可推知，本文應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)雜志里。故選C。 C Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food，hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake. She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did. The same held true for anxious baboons pared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching. This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (認(rèn)知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information. The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning. 9．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The design of Dr.Carters research. B．The results of Dr.Carters research. C．The purpose of Dr.Carters research. D．The significance of Dr.Carters research. 10．According to the research，which baboons are more likely to plete a new learning task? A．Those that have more experience. B．Those that can avoid potential risks. C．Those that like to work independently. D．Those that feel anxious about learning. 11．Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning. B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities. C．Some baboons observe others but dont follow them. D．Some baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate. 12．Dr.Carters findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________. A．storing information B．learning from each other C．understanding different people D．travelling between social groups 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇科普說明文。劍橋大學(xué)的一些研究人員通過對狒狒的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，影響狒狒學(xué)習(xí)成效的因素不是它們的智力，而是其性格以及對學(xué)習(xí)的渴望程度。這一研究結(jié)果也適用于人類社會：如果我們不善于與他人溝通或太膽怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么會阻礙以社會學(xué)習(xí)為基礎(chǔ)的文化的形成。 9．A　解析：推理判斷題。第一段描述了研究人員如何開展這一研究的具體細(xì)節(jié)：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一個盒子里，有些狒狒有機會觀看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任務(wù)的，而另外一些狒狒則不得不自學(xué)完成任務(wù)，因此選A項“卡特博士研究的設(shè)計”，而非研究的“結(jié)果”“目的”或“重要性”。 10．D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn...及第三段中The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not...這些對實驗的描述可知D項“那些渴望學(xué)習(xí)的狒狒”符合題意。 11．C　解析：推理判斷題。該詞所在上文，即第二、三段提到在觀察了別的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望學(xué)習(xí)的狒狒學(xué)到本領(lǐng)，而害羞的狒狒學(xué)了卻不像別的狒狒那樣去做；再根據(jù)between collecting social information and using it可知與“收集”和“使用”對應(yīng)的是“觀察別人但不跟著做”，即C項。 12．B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意為“研究結(jié)果可能會影響我們?nèi)绾卫斫馍鐣幕男纬?，該文化的形成是通過社會學(xué)習(xí)獲得的”。換言之，作者認(rèn)為我們的文化是通過social learning而形成的，與B項“互相學(xué)習(xí)”相呼應(yīng)，而非“儲存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社會群體間傳播”。 D Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your fingertips. With existing medical knowledge and skills，twothirds of the worlds 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not. ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the worlds only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC8 aircraft，there is a fullyequipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries. ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical programs.ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China，ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a longterm plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness. For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people；$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills；and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves. 13．The first paragraph is intended to ________. A．introduce a new way of reading B．a(chǎn)dvise the public to lead a simple life C．direct the publics attention to the blind D．encourage the public to use imagination 14．What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world? A．They are adequate. B．They have not been updated. C．They are not equally distributed. D．They have benefited most of the blind. 15．ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________. A．teaching medical students B．training doctors and nurses C．running flying hospitals globally D．setting up nonprofit organizations 16．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph? A．Appeal for donations. B．Make an advertisement. C．Promote training programs. D．Show sympathy for the blind. 17．What can be the best title for the passage? A．ORBIS in China B．Fighting Blindness C．ORBIS Flying Hospital D．Sightsaving Techniques 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹一個旨在幫助失明人士的組織——ORBIS。大家行動起來和ORBIS一起，來幫助那些失明的朋友們。小小的捐助，就可以使他們和我們一樣去感受這個世界的美好。 13．C　解析：考查寫作意圖。綜觀全文，作者希望大眾通過想象失明人士的生活，以此引起人們對失明人士的關(guān)注，故選C。 14．C　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話可知目前的醫(yī)療知識和技術(shù)分配不均衡。 15．B　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段和第四段首句可知ORBIS通過培訓(xùn)醫(yī)務(wù)人員來幫助失明人士。 16．A　解析：考查段落大意。由文章最后一段中不同金額的捐款所能產(chǎn)生的積極效果可知，最后作者是號召大眾捐款幫助提高失明人士的生活質(zhì)量。 17．C　解析：考查標(biāo)題判斷。本文關(guān)鍵詞為ORBIS，文章通篇都在介紹ORBIS通過他們的flying hospital幫助失明人士。 E Londons newest skyscraper (摩天大樓) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has pletely changed the appearance of London.However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better. The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire(尖頂)．He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building arent regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts(桅桿) of the ships that were once on the river Thames. The Shard has 87 floors.At the top，there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a fivestar hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants，apartments and offices. Before building work began，a lot of people didnt want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city. Other critics dont like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is being more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor. The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city. 18．Londons newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ________. A．its cost B．its size C．its shape D．its height 19．When he designed the Shard，Piano wanted it to ________. A．change Londons skyline B．inherit Londons tradition C．imitate the Egyptian style D．a(chǎn)ttract potential visitors 20．The critics who refer to social division think the Shard ________. A．is only preferred by the rich B．is intended for wealthy people C．is far away from the poor area D．is popular only with Londoners 21．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Shard：Cheers and Claps B．The Shard：Work of a Great Architect C．The Shard：New Symbol of London? D．The Shard：A Change for the Better? 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。介紹了英國倫敦的地標(biāo)性建筑——約310米高的歐洲第一高樓——“碎片大廈”。有人說這棟摩天大樓使倫敦看起來更漂亮，但更有批評意見一直伴隨著大樓的誕生。 18．C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：the Shard.”可知，這棟樓的名字的由來是其外形像一塊很薄、很鋒利的碎玻璃片，因此選C項“它的形狀”，而非它的“花費、尺寸或高度”。 19．B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段中的Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.(Piano說“碎片大廈”的尖頂外形是倫敦偉大傳統(tǒng)的一部分。)解釋了設(shè)計師的想法，與B項“繼承倫敦的傳統(tǒng)”相吻合。A項“改變倫敦的天際線”是結(jié)果而不是設(shè)計初衷，C項“模仿埃及風(fēng)格”及D項“吸引潛在的游客”文中均未涉及。 20．B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.”可知，談到社會分化的批評家認(rèn)為“碎片大廈”是“專為有錢人設(shè)計的(is intended for wealthy people)”。 21．D　解析：主旨大意題。全文介紹了歐洲第一高樓——英國倫敦的“碎片大廈”。由第一段的最后一句“However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.”可知，對于這個改變，毀譽參半，故D項“碎片大廈：更好的改變？”作為標(biāo)題最為合適。A項“碎片大廈：歡呼與掌聲”只關(guān)注了支持者，不夠全面。 F Samuel Osmond is a 19yearold law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata (奏鳴曲)by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him. Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly，his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesnt even realize that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to bee a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music. Samuel cant understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It es easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note，”says Samuel. Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists cant play it.Samuel says confidently，“Its all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.” However，Samuels ability to remember things doesnt stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word. Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesnt know what he wants to do in the future.For now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies. 22．What is special about Samuel Osmond? A．He has a gift for writing music. B．He can write down the note he hears. C．He is a top student at the law school. D．He can play the musical piece he hears. 23．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents. B．Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician. C．Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability. D．Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers. 24．Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he________. A．received a good early education in music B．played the guitar and the piano perfectly C．could play the piano without reading music D．could play the guitar better than his father 25．What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4? A．He became famous during a special event at his college. B．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately. C．He plays the piano better than many professional pianists. D．He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces. 26．Which of the following is the best title of this passage? A．The Qualities of a Musician B．The Story of a Musical Talent C．The Importance of Early Education D．The Relationship between Memory and Music 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本篇為寫人的記敘文。19歲的法律系學(xué)生Samuel Osmond是一個音樂天才。以前他從沒有學(xué)過音樂，但是他可以彈鋼琴，并且經(jīng)常彈奏名家名曲，人們對此很吃驚。是什么造就了這一傳奇？趕快來閱讀一下吧。 22．D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.可以知道，他的特別之處在于他聽了曲子之后就能演奏出來，故選D項。文章沒有說他有創(chuàng)作音樂的天賦，也沒有說他能寫下他聽到的音符(只是說“記住”)，更沒有提到他是法學(xué)院的優(yōu)等生，因此可以排除其他選項。 23．B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Samuel wanted to bee a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents...可以知道，他想成為一名律師(也是他父母的愿望)，而不是一名音樂家，故選B項，可排除A項；由．..but music teachers told him he should study music instead.可以知道，音樂老師想讓他放棄法律專業(yè)，學(xué)習(xí)音樂，因此排除D項；由．..but Samuel doesnt even realize that what he can do is special.可以知道，他并不認(rèn)為自己是音樂天才，因此排除C項。 24．C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中．..without being able to read music and without