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寫作進(jìn)行時(shí)(六)應(yīng)用文,1．日記(Diary)日記是把自己當(dāng)天生活中經(jīng)歷的有意義的事以及見聞或感受記錄下來的書面表達(dá)形式。平時(shí)堅(jiān)持寫英語日記對提高自己運(yùn)用語言的能力或運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行思維的能力是十分有益的，同時(shí)有利于促進(jìn)復(fù)習(xí)鞏固語法和詞語，提高英語水平。日記文體自由，通常用第一人稱寫，以一般過去時(shí)態(tài)為主，常用以表示天氣的詞有：Fine,Cloudy,Windy,Snowy,Rainy,Sunny等。,2．書信(Letters)書信一般分為私人信件(Personalletters)和正式信函(Businessletters)。英文書信從信封到正文，其格式與漢語有許多不同。書信由以下幾個(gè)部分構(gòu)成：信頭(Heading/Address)；寄信人地址和寫信人日期，寫在信的右上角，地址由大到??；稱呼(Greeting)；正文(Body)；結(jié)束語(Ending)；簽名(Signature)。,英文書信應(yīng)該行文流暢、言簡意賅，避免冗長。這就是說，寫信者應(yīng)用盡可能少的文字表達(dá)其必須傳遞的信息，而且寫信者應(yīng)將其所需傳遞的信息表達(dá)清楚，以免對方產(chǎn)生誤解。在寫信過程中，還要注意措辭上多選用些禮貌婉轉(zhuǎn)詞語。,3．通知(Notice)通知是上級對下級，組織對成員布置工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開會議所使用的一種文體。同級單位有什么事要相互討論或協(xié)商，也可互發(fā)通知。通知一般有口頭通知和書面通知兩種形式。無論哪種形式，至少要包括：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、活動內(nèi)容。,①口頭通知(Announcement)口頭通知的開頭往往要有呼語，如：Boysandgirls,Comradesandfriends,Ladiesandgentlemen等，常有提醒聽眾注意的詞語或句子，如：Attention,please!MayIhaveyourattention,please！等。通知的正文要求準(zhǔn)確無誤(特別是時(shí)間和地點(diǎn))，流暢得體。既然是口頭通知，語言應(yīng)該口語化。通知的最后也可說聲Thatsall,thankyou(forlistening)!以示禮貌。,②書面通知(Notice)書面通知是書面或印刷的正式公告或布告，常常張貼在明顯的位置，為醒目起見，標(biāo)題的每一個(gè)字母可以都大寫(如：NOTICE)。通知的發(fā)布單位可以放在NOTICE的上方或前面，也可以作為通知的落款，寫在通知正文后的右下角。通知的發(fā)布日期可以寫在通知正文的右上角(在NOTICE的下一行)，也可以寫在正文的左下角(在落款的下一行)。,4．便條(InformalNote)便條實(shí)際上是一種簡單的書信。常用的便條有請假條和留言條兩種。其特點(diǎn)是格式簡單，內(nèi)容簡短。便條上一般只需要一、兩句話。但無論便條如何簡明扼要，也一定要講清楚這么幾點(diǎn)，即寫給誰的、什么事、誰寫的以及什么時(shí)候?qū)懙?。便條通常包括稱呼、日期、正文、署名等。通常不寫年月，只寫日期或星期幾、上(下)午或幾點(diǎn)鐘。稱呼比較簡便，寫在左上角，不必像信件那么正規(guī)，可以直呼其名。,日期可以寫在正文右上角，也可以寫在末尾右下角。署名寫在右下角。比較隨便，只留姓名，甚至可以只寫名字或別名。便條常用語有：Imsorrythat.../Ibegtoapplyforthreedayssickleave...；其正文結(jié)尾可用：Manythanks./Withmanythanksfrom.../Docome,please！/Youwillbewarmlywelcometo...。,CloudyLiMingandItookpartinawildernesssurvivalprogrammeyesterday,anditwasoneofthemostunforgettableexperiencessincehighschool.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,Saturday,May8,2010,Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth,whichIllneverforgetfortherestofmylife.,參考范文：Saturday,_May_8,2010CloudyLiMingandItookpartinawildernesssurvivalprogr-ammeyesterday,anditwasoneofthemostunforgettableexperiencessincehighschool.,Thetwoofusweretoreachthecampsitebyevening.Wesetoutearlyinthemorning,eagertofacetheadventure.Iwascarryingacampandacompassinmybag,whileLiMingloadedhimwithsomebread,matches,candles,amap,aknife,afirstaidkit,aflashlight,andsomeclothes.Wefollowedthemarkedrouteuntilwereachedabrook.,Wehadtoswimacrossit,floatingoursuppliesonapieceofwoodinordertokeepthemdry.Whatsworse,welostsightofthesignsontheothersideofthebrook!Thankstothecompass,wefinallyarrivedatthecampsiteontime,andmanagedtomakethecampandafire.,Thetwoofusspentthenightintheforest.Welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclassroomtrainingtosolveproblemsinthefield.Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth,whichIllneverforgetfortherestofmylife.,*感謝在美國期間他所提供的幫助。*一本英語小說忘記帶回。*小說是美國老師送的，非常珍貴。*小說很可能丟在臥室的書架上。*郵資你自己付。,DearMr.Brown，Imnowsafelybackhome._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thanksandallthebest.Yours，LiHua,參考范文：DearMr.Brown，Imnowsafelybackhome.ThankyouverymuchforallthekindnessIgotfromyouduringmystay.Hopeeverythingisfinewithyouandyourfamily.,NowIwonderwhetherIcouldaskyouafavor.WhenIcameback,suddenlyrealizedthatIhadleftmynovel—CalloftheWildbehindatyourplace.ItisapreciousgiftfrommyAmericanteacher.Wouldyoupleasedbesokindtosenditbacktome?Illpayforthepostage.Thenovelmustbeonthebookshelfinmybedroom.Thanksandallthebest.Yours，LiHua,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,參考范文：EnglishAdvisorWantedTheStudentUnionofourschooldecidestoinviteaninternationalstudenttoworkasanEnglishStudyAdvisornextterm.ThemainresponsibilitiesoftheadvisorincludehelpingstudentstopracticetheiroralEnglish.Answeringtheirquestions,andhelpingorganizeactivitiessuchassingingEnglishsongs,Englishevenings,orlecturesoninterestingtopics.,TheapplicantshouldbeanativespeakerofEnglish.FluencyinChineseispreferred.Theadvisorisexpectedtowork4hoursperweek.Ifyouareinterested,pleasecallLiHuaat13011223344foraninterview.Paymentfortheservicewillbediscussedduringtheinterview.StudentUnion,1.本人簡介；2.求助內(nèi)容；3.約定時(shí)間；4.你的聯(lián)系方式(Email：lihua@；Phone：12345678)。,DearSir/Madam，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lookforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHua,參考范文：DearSir/Madam，ImLiHua,aChinesestudenttakingsummercoursesinyouruniversity.Imwritingtoaskforhelp.Icameherelastmonthandfoundmycoursesinteresting.ButIhavesomedifficultieswithnotetakingandIhavenoideaofhowtousethelibrary.,IwastoldtheLearningCentreprovideshelpforstudentsandImanxioustogethelpfromyou.IhavenoclassonTuesdaymorningsandFridayafternoons.PleaseletmeknowwhichdayisOKwithyou.Youmayemailorphoneme.Herearemyemailaddressandphonenumber：lihua@;12345678.Lookforwardtoyourreply.YoursLi_Hua,參考范文：DearTom，Ihavemissedyouverymuch.HowaboutyourstudyandlifeinChina?,IshouldtellyouthatIhavesomethingtobehelpedbyyou.InJuly,IwilltakepartinanEnglishspeechcontestformiddleschoolstudentsinBeijinginsummervacation.IwanttomakeaspeechaboutAmericanscientistThomasEdison.ButIdontknowabouthimdeeply.,Couldyoutellmesomebackgroundabouthim,especiallyhowhardhestudiedscience?Pleasetellmemoreabouthisspirittodevotetoscience,hisstorytoinnovationinscience.IwishIcouldbecomeascientistlikeThomasEdisontoinventmanynewthingstotheworld.,AndpleasetellmehowtousetheAmericanmottoandlogion,whichcanmakemyspeechmorevivid.Iwillvisityouafterthespeechcontest.Thanksalot!Faithfullyyours，LiHua,