摘要本論文首先介紹了我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展的過程與現(xiàn)狀，并分析了其存在的問題；對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了探討；并對(duì) CK20 數(shù)控車床主軸箱傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和刀架進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算。主軸箱由安裝在精密軸承中的空心主軸和一系列變速齒輪組成。數(shù)控車床主軸可以獲得在調(diào)速范圍內(nèi)的任意速度，以滿足加工切削要求。刀架用于夾持切削用的刀具，因此其結(jié)構(gòu)直接影響機(jī)床的切削性能和切削效率。隨著數(shù)控車床的發(fā)展，數(shù)控刀架開始向快速換刀、電液組合驅(qū)動(dòng)和伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)方向發(fā)展。本設(shè)計(jì)主要包括根據(jù)一些原始數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合實(shí)際條件和情況對(duì)車床一些參數(shù)進(jìn)行擬定，再根據(jù)擬定的參數(shù)，進(jìn)行傳動(dòng)方案的擬定。然后計(jì)算各傳動(dòng)副的傳動(dòng)比及齒輪齒數(shù)，再估算齒輪的模數(shù)和各軸的軸徑。并對(duì)齒輪和軸的強(qiáng)度、剛度進(jìn)行校核。除此之外，還要對(duì)箱體內(nèi)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，如電磁離合器的選擇，從而完成對(duì)主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計(jì)。刀架設(shè)計(jì)主要對(duì)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，主要傳動(dòng)部件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。包括驅(qū)動(dòng)刀架的伺服電機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算，蝸輪蝸桿設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，刀架主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。關(guān)鍵詞：主軸箱；無級(jí)調(diào)速；傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)；刀架；CK20 ABSTRACTIn this design ,the development and current situation of NC machine in China was introduced and a series of problems were presented. The development trend to NC lathe was discussed.Some countermeasures was presented for the development of NC machine in China and then the headstock and the knife tool of CK20NC lathe has been calculate designed.Headstocks is composed of the hollow spindle which is installed in precision bearings and a series of transmission gears.The knife tools are clamping cutting, therefore its structure directly affects the cutting performance and cutting efficiency of the machine.The spindle can obtain any speed in the speed range to meet the processing requirements of cutting.With the development of CNC lathes, CNC turret began to rapid change, electro-hydraulic combination of drive and servo drive direction.This design mainly includes according to some of the original data, combined with the actual conditions and some parameters are proposed for lathe, according to the proposed parameter,to formulate transmission scheme, calculating the transmission vice transmission ratio, gear teeth, estimating the modulus of the gear and the diameter of axle shaft,and the strength, stiffness of gear and shaft for checking. In addition, it not only design of main structure of the casing, such as the choice of the electromagnetic clutch, but also complete the overall design of main drive system. The design of knife tools is not the overall structure design, but the design and calculation of main driving part, including the selection of tool carrier of servo motor, worm gear and worm design calculation, structure design and calculation of tool carriage spindle.Key words: headstocks; a continuously variable speed ; transmission System;knife tools;CK20-i-目 錄第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………… 11.1 課題背景及目的 ……………………………………………………………… 11.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ………………………………………………… 11.2.1 我國(guó)數(shù)控車床的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ……………………………… 11.2.2 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ………………………………………………… 31.3 課題研究?jī)?nèi)容及方法 ………………………………………………………… 4 1.3.1 課題研究的主要參數(shù) ………………………………………………… 41.3.2 課題研究?jī)?nèi)容 ………………………………………………………… 41.3.3 研究方法 ……………………………………………………………… 41.4 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)與論文構(gòu)成 ………………………………………………………… 51.4.1 設(shè)計(jì)主要任務(wù) ………………………………………………………… 51.4.2 設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn) …………………………………………………… 51.4.3 本論文構(gòu)成如下 ……………………………………………………… 5第 2 章 機(jī)床總體方案的設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………… 62.1 機(jī)床的總體布局 ……………………………………………………………… 6第 3 章 主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………… 73.1 總體設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………………………… 73.1.1 擬定傳動(dòng)方案 ………………………………………………………… 73.1.2 選擇電機(jī) ……………………………………………………………… 83.1.3 計(jì)算各軸計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)速、功率和轉(zhuǎn)矩…………………………………… 113.1.4 轉(zhuǎn)速圖與傳動(dòng)圖……………………………………………………… 123.2 軸系部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………… 133.2.1 I 軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………… 133.2.2 II 軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………… 173.2.3 III(主)軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………… 283.2.4 編碼器的選擇與安裝設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………… 303.2.5 主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)總裝圖 ………………………………………………… 32第 4 章 液壓卡盤的設(shè)計(jì)（夾具）……………………………………………… 344.1 卡盤夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………… 34 -i-4.2 液壓卡盤系統(tǒng)總裝圖………………………………………………………… 34 第 5 章 數(shù)控刀架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………… 35 5.1 數(shù)控車床刀架總體方案設(shè)計(jì)與選擇………………………………………… 355.1.1 刀架的整體方案設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………… 355.1.2 車床刀架的轉(zhuǎn)位機(jī)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………… 355.1.3 刀架定位機(jī)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………… 365.2 刀架的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算……………………………………………………………… 365.2.1 驅(qū)動(dòng)刀架的伺服電機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算…………………………………… 365.2.2 蝸輪蝸桿設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算…………………………………………………… 395.2.3 刀架主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算…………………………………………… 425.3 刀架總裝圖…………………………………………………………………… 44第六章 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………… 467.1 線路連接……………………………………………………………………… 467.2 安裝調(diào)試……………………………………………………………………… 47第七章 結(jié)論 ………………………………………………………………………… 48參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………… 49心得體會(huì)及致謝 ……………………………………………………………………… 50- 1 -