摘　　要變速器是汽車的核心組成部分，用來改變發(fā)動機(jī)傳到驅(qū)動輪上的轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速，將動力有效而經(jīng)濟(jì)地傳至驅(qū)動車輪，以滿足汽車的使用要求。變速器是完成傳動系任務(wù)的重要部件，也是決定整車性能的主要部件之一。變速器的設(shè)計水平對汽車的動力性、燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性、換擋操縱的可靠性與輕便性、傳動平穩(wěn)性與效率等都有直接的影響。隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展，轎車變速器的設(shè)計趨勢是增大其傳遞功率與重量之比，并要求其具有更小的尺寸和良好的性能。本設(shè)計以一汽大眾捷達(dá) GTX 變速器為基礎(chǔ)，在給定發(fā)動機(jī)輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩、轉(zhuǎn)速及最高車速、最大爬坡度等條件下，著重對變速器齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、軸的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸等進(jìn)行設(shè)計計算；并對變速器的傳動方案和結(jié)構(gòu)形式進(jìn)行設(shè)計；同時對操縱機(jī)構(gòu)和同步器的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計；從而提高汽車的整體性能。關(guān)鍵詞：捷達(dá)；變速器；齒輪；設(shè)計；結(jié)構(gòu)ABSTRACTTransmission is the core components of automobile.Its task is transforming and regulateing the performance of engine. It can be used to change the engine driving wheel on the spread of torque and speed. Transmission is the important part of drivetrain components to complete the tasks. as well as one of the main factor to decide the whole performance of vehicle. The standards of Transmission designing can directly impact the vehicle dynamics, fuel economy, the reliability and portability of shifting , the smoothness and efficiency of Transmiting. Along with the development of the automobile industry,the trend of car transmission designing is to increase its transmission power and decrese its weight,and hope have smaller size and excellent performance. The design based on the FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Company Ltd’JETTA Transmission, In conditions that knowing the engine output torque,speed of engine and maximum speed of vehicles, maximum degree, focus on the designing of transmission gear structural parameters, axis geometry design computation; as well as the transmission and drive program structure design; Meanwhile on the structure of components to manipulation and synchronous design; thereby enhancing the overall performance of cars.Key words: JETTA ；Transmission；Gear ；Design；Structure哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計___________________________________________________________________________________________- III –哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計___________________________________________________________________________________________- IV –目 錄摘要·····························································ⅠAbstract ·························································Ⅱ目錄····················································Ⅲ第 1 章 緒論·····················································11.1 概述·····················································11.1.1 汽車變速器的設(shè)計要求···································11.1.2 國內(nèi)外汽車變速器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀·····························21.2 設(shè)計的內(nèi)容及方法·········································31.3 設(shè)計的目的及意義·········································4第 2 章 變速器傳動機(jī)構(gòu)與操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇與設(shè)計················52.1 變速器傳動機(jī)構(gòu)布置方案···································52.1.1 變速器傳動方案分析與選哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計___________________________________________________________________________________________- V –擇···························52.1.2 倒檔布置方案·······································62.1.3 零部件結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析·····································72.2 變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu)布置方案···································92.2.1 概述····················································92.2.2 典型的操縱機(jī)構(gòu)及其鎖定裝置····························102.3 本章小結(jié)················································12第 3 章 變速器的設(shè)計與計算····································133.1 變速器主要參數(shù)的選擇····································133.1.1 檔數(shù)···················································133.1.2 傳動比范圍·············································133.1.3 變速器各檔傳動比的確定································14哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計___________________________________________________________________________________________- VI –3.1.4 中心距的選擇···········································173.1.5 變速器的外形尺寸······································173.1.6 齒輪參數(shù)的選擇········································173.1.7 各檔齒輪齒數(shù)的分配及傳動比的計算······················193.1.8 變速器齒輪的變位及齒輪螺旋角的調(diào)整····················233.2 變速器齒輪強(qiáng)度校核······································253.2.1 齒輪材料的選擇原則····································253.2.2 變速器齒輪彎曲強(qiáng)度校核································253.3 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸設(shè)計······································303.4 軸的強(qiáng)度驗算············································323.4.1 軸的剛度計算···········································323.4.2 軸的強(qiáng)度計算·······························哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計___________________________________________________________________________________________- VII –············353.5 軸承選擇與壽命計算······································393.5.1 輸入軸軸承的選擇與壽命計算····························393.5.2 輸出軸軸承的選擇與壽命計算····························423.6 本章小結(jié)················································44第 4 章 變速器同步器及結(jié)構(gòu)元件設(shè)計···························454.1 同步器設(shè)計·············································454.1.1 同步器的功用及分類································454.1.2 慣性式同步器······································454.1.3 鎖環(huán)式同步器主要尺寸的確定························474.1.4 主要參數(shù)的確定····································484.2 變速器殼體·············································504.3 本章小結(jié)················································50哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計___________________________________________________________________________________________- VIII –結(jié)論·····························································51參考文獻(xiàn)························································52致謝·····························································53