扳手頭工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)及加工實(shí)現(xiàn)說(shuō)明書(shū),扳手,工藝,規(guī)程,設(shè)計(jì),加工,實(shí)現(xiàn),說(shuō)明書(shū),仿單 附錄B 英文文獻(xiàn)Machine-finishing technological process one, machine-finishing technological process 　The machine-finishing technological process is stipulates the components machine-finishing technological process and the operating procedure and so on the technological document.It is the machine manufacture factory most main technology document.Its concrete function is as follows: 　1. The technological process is instructs the production the main technical document, is directs the scene production the basis. Regarding large quantities of mass production factory, because the production organization is strict, the division of labor is careful, the request technological process quite is detailed, can be advantageous for the organization and the direction production.Regarding the single unit small serial production factory, the technological process may simple.But regardless of the scale of production size, all must have the technological process, otherwise the production scheduling, the technical preparation, the key technologies research, the equipment disposition and so on all are unable to arrange, the production will fall into chaotic.At the same time, the technological process also is deals with the production issue the basis, if the product quality question, may be clear about each production unit according to the technological process the responsibility.Carries on the production according to the technological process, is advantageous for the guarantee product quality, obtains the high production efficiency and the economic efficiency. 　2. The technological process is the production organization and the supervisory work basic basis. 　First, had the technological process, before new product investment production, may carry on before the related production the technology preparatory work.For example for the components processing preparation engine bed, designs the special-purpose labor, clamps, the measuring instrument and so on.Next, the factory design and the dispatch department basis technological process, arranges various components the batch feeding time and quantity, the adjuster load, various job sites have the rhythm according to a man-hour of fixed quantity to carry on the production and so on, causes the entire enterprise various administrative offices, the workshop, the construction section and the job site close coordination, guaranteed completes the productive plan balanced. 　3. The technological process is newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop basic document. When newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop, only then based on the technological process can determine the production needs engine bed and other equipment type, quantity and specification; Workshop area; Engine bed layout; Produces worker's kind of work in a factory, the technical rank and quantity; Auxiliary department's arrangement. 　　But, the technological process is not fixed invariable, it is produces the worker and technical personnel's in production process practice summary, it may carry on the revision according to the production actual situation, causes it to improve and the consummation unceasingly, but must have the strict examination and approval procedure. Second, technological process making principle 　The technological process formulation principle is high quality, the high production, the low cost, namely in under the guarantee product quality premise, strives for the best economic efficiency.When making technological process should pay attention to the following question: 　　 In technical sophistication 　When making technological process, must understand the domestic and foreign this profession the processing technology level of development, through the essential engineer testing, uses the advanced craft and the craft equipment positively. 　2. In economical rationality 　Under certain working condition, possibly can appear several kinds to be able to guarantee the components specification the craft plan, this time should or contrasts mutually through the calculation, in the choice economy the most reasonable plan, causes the product the energy, the material consumption and the production cost is lowest. 3. Has the good work conditionWhen making technological process, must pay attention guaranteed when worker operation has good and the safe work condition.Therefore, must pay attention in the craft plan uses the mechanization or the automated measure, reduces the light industry altogether numerous and diverse physical labor. 　Third, time making technological process firsthand information Time the making technological process firsthand information mainly has: 1. Product pattern and engineering factor. 　If product assembly drawing and detail drawing; 2. Product craft plan. If product acceptance testing and evaluation quality specification, semifinished materials material and so on; 3. Product spare part craft route table or workshop division of labor detailed list.Understands the product and enterprise's management situation;4. Product production guiding principle (annual output).In order to determination production type; 　 　5. This enterprise's working condition. In order to draw up the technological process is practical and feasible, certainly must understand and the familiar this enterprise's working condition.If semifinished materials productivity, worker's technical level as well as special purpose equipment and craft equipment manufacturing capacity, enterprise existing equipment condition and so on; 6. Related craft standard. 　If each craft handbook and graph, but also should be familiar with this enterprise each kind of enterprise standard and the profession standard; 7. Related equipment and craft equipment and material.The equipment and the craft equipment selects which regarding this technological process should have understood thoroughly, like specification, performance, new old degree and existing precision and so on; 8. Domestic and foreign similar product related craft material.The technological process making, needs to study the domestic and foreign related craft material frequently, positively introduces the suitable advanced processing technology, raises the technological level unceasingly, obtains the maximum economic efficiency. Fourth, making technological process step 1 Computation components production guiding principle, determination production type; 　　2. Analysis product assembly pattern and components pattern Mainly includes the components the processing technology capability, the assembly technology capability, the main processing surface and the specification, the understanding components in product function; 3. Definite semifinished materials type, structure shape, manufacture method and so on; 　　4. Drafts the craft route Including the preferred orientation datum, determines various superficial the processing method, the division processing stage, the determination working procedure centralism and the disperser degree, the reasonable arrangement processing order and so on;5. Determines various working procedures the processing remainder, the computation working procedure size and the common difference; 6. Chooses the equipment and the craft equipment;7. Determination cutting specifications and computing time fixed quantity; 　　8. Filling in technological document. Fifth, technological document form The technological document content, fills in certain form the card, namely becomes the production to prepare and to construct the basis technological document.The commonly used technological document form has the following several kinds1. Machine-finishing technological process card This kind of card take the working procedure as a unit, briefly lists the craft route which the entire components processing passes through (including semifinished materials manufacture, machine-finishing and heat treatment and so on).It is draws up other technological document the foundation, also produces the basis which the preparation, the arrangement work plan and the organization produce.In this kind of card, because various working procedures showing insufficiently is concrete, therefore not directly instructs the worker to operate generally, but many uses as the production management aspect.But in single unit small serial production.Because usually does not establish other detailed technological document, but on by this kind of card instruction production.The machine-finishing technological process card sees Table 3-5 to show. 　　 Machine-finishing process chartThe machine-finishing process chart is take the working procedure as a unit, explains the entire technological process in detail one technological document.It is uses for to instruct the worker to produce and to help the shop management personnel and the technical personnel grasps the entire components processing process one kind of main technical document, is widely uses in the mass productions the components and in the important components small serial production.The machine-finishing process chart content including the components material, the weight, the semifinished materials type, the process number, the working procedure name, the working procedure content, the craft parameter, the operation requests the equipment and the craft equipment which as well as uses and so on.The machine-finishing process chart form sees Table 3-6 to show. 3. Machine-finishing working procedure card The machine-finishing working procedure card is the basis machine-finishing process chart is a working procedure making.It explained in detail entire components each working procedure the request, is uses for specifically to instruct the technological document which the worker operates.Must draw the working procedure diagram on this kind of card, explained this working procedure each labor step content, the craft parameter, the operation request as well as use the equipment and the craft equip.Uses in large quantities of mass productions generally the components.附錄C 中文翻譯機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程一、機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程是規(guī)定零件機(jī)械加工工藝過(guò)程和操作方法等的工藝文件。它是機(jī)械制造工廠最主要的技術(shù)文件。其具體作用如下： 1 ．工藝規(guī)程是指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)的主要技術(shù)文件，是指揮現(xiàn)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)的依據(jù)。對(duì)于大批大量生產(chǎn)的工廠，由于生產(chǎn)組織嚴(yán)密，分工細(xì)致，要求工藝規(guī)程比較詳細(xì)，才能便于組織和指揮生產(chǎn)。對(duì)于單件小批生產(chǎn)的工廠，工藝規(guī)程可以簡(jiǎn)單些。但無(wú)論生產(chǎn)規(guī)模大小，都必須有工藝規(guī)程，否則生產(chǎn)調(diào)度、技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究、器材配置等都無(wú)法安排，生產(chǎn)將陷入混亂。同時(shí)，工藝規(guī)程也是處理生產(chǎn)問(wèn)題的依據(jù)，如產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，可按工藝規(guī)程來(lái)明確各生產(chǎn)單位的責(zé)任。按照工藝規(guī)程進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，便于保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、獲得較高的生產(chǎn)效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 2 ．工藝規(guī)程是生產(chǎn)組織和管理工作的基本依據(jù)。首先，有了工藝規(guī)程，在新產(chǎn)品投入生產(chǎn)之前，就可以進(jìn)行有關(guān)生產(chǎn)前的技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備工作。例如為零件的加工準(zhǔn)備機(jī)床，設(shè)計(jì)專用的工、夾、量具等。其次，工廠的設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)度部門(mén)根據(jù)工藝規(guī)程，安排各零件的投料時(shí)間和數(shù)量，調(diào)整設(shè)備負(fù)荷，各工作地按工時(shí)定額有節(jié)奏地進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)等，使整個(gè)企業(yè)的各科室、車(chē)間、工段和工作地緊密配合，保證均衡地完成生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃。 3 ．工藝規(guī)程是新建或改（擴(kuò)）建工廠或車(chē)間的基本資料。在新建或改（擴(kuò)）建工廠或車(chē)間時(shí)，只有依據(jù)工藝規(guī)程才能確定生產(chǎn)所需要的機(jī)床和其它設(shè)備的種類、數(shù)量和規(guī)格；車(chē)間的面積；機(jī)床的布局；生產(chǎn)工人的工種、技術(shù)等級(jí)及數(shù)量；輔助部門(mén)的安排。 但是，工藝規(guī)程并不是固定不變的，它是生產(chǎn)工人和技術(shù)人員在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的實(shí)踐的總結(jié)，它可以根據(jù)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行修改，使其不斷改進(jìn)和完善，但必須有嚴(yán)格的審批手續(xù)。 二、工藝規(guī)程制訂的原則工藝規(guī)程制定的原則是優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、低成本，即在保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的前提下，爭(zhēng)取最好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。在制訂工藝規(guī)程時(shí)應(yīng)注意下列問(wèn)題： 1 ．技術(shù)上的先進(jìn)性　　在制訂工藝規(guī)程時(shí)，要了解國(guó)內(nèi)外本行業(yè)的工藝技術(shù)的發(fā)展水平，通過(guò)必要的工藝試驗(yàn)，積極采用先進(jìn)的工藝和工藝裝備。 2 ．經(jīng)濟(jì)上的合理性在一定的生產(chǎn)條件下，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾種能保證零件技術(shù)要求的工藝方案，此時(shí)應(yīng)通過(guò)核算或相互對(duì)比，選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)上最合理的方案，使產(chǎn)品的能源、材料消耗和生產(chǎn)成本最低。 3 ．有良好的勞動(dòng)條件在制訂工藝規(guī)程時(shí)，要注意保證工人操作時(shí)有良好而安全的勞動(dòng)條件。因此，在工藝方案上要注意采用機(jī)械化或自動(dòng)化措施，以減輕工共繁雜的體力勞動(dòng)。 三、制訂工藝規(guī)程時(shí)的原始資料制訂工藝規(guī)程時(shí)的原始資料主要有： 1 ．產(chǎn)品圖樣及技術(shù)條件。如產(chǎn)品的裝配圖及零件圖； 2 ．產(chǎn)品的工藝方案。如產(chǎn)品驗(yàn)收質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、毛坯資料等； 3 ．產(chǎn)品零部件工藝路線表或車(chē)間分工明細(xì)表。以了解產(chǎn)品及企業(yè)的管理情況；4 ．產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)（年產(chǎn)量）。以便確定生產(chǎn)類型；5 ．本企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)條件。為了制訂的工藝規(guī)程切實(shí)可行，一定要了解和熟悉本企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)條件。如毛坯的生產(chǎn)能力、工人的技術(shù)水平以及專用設(shè)備與工藝裝備的制造能力、企業(yè)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備狀況等； 6 ．有關(guān)工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如各種工藝手冊(cè)和圖表，還應(yīng)熟悉本企業(yè)的各種企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)； 7 ．有關(guān)設(shè)備及工藝裝備和資料。對(duì)于本工藝規(guī)程選用的設(shè)備和工藝裝備應(yīng)有深入地了解，如規(guī)格、性能、新舊程度和現(xiàn)有精度等； 8 ．國(guó)內(nèi)外同類產(chǎn)品的有關(guān)工藝資料。工藝規(guī)程的制訂，要經(jīng)常研究國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)工藝資料，積極引進(jìn)適用的先進(jìn)的工藝技術(shù)，不斷提高工藝水平，以獲得最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 四、制訂工藝規(guī)程的步驟1 ．計(jì)算零件的生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)、確定生產(chǎn)類型；　　2 ．分析產(chǎn)品裝配圖樣和零件圖樣主要包括零件的加工工藝性、裝配工藝性、主要加工表面及技術(shù)要求，了解零件在產(chǎn)品中的功用； 3 ．確定毛坯的類型、結(jié)構(gòu)形狀、制造方法等；4 ．?dāng)M訂工藝路線包括選擇定位基準(zhǔn)、確定各表面的加工方法、劃分加工階段、確定工序的集中和分散的程度、合理安排加工順序等； 5 ．確定各工序的加工余量，計(jì)算工序尺寸及公差；6 ．選擇設(shè)備及工藝裝備；7 ．確定切削用量及計(jì)算時(shí)間定額；8 ．填寫(xiě)工藝文件。五、工藝文件格式將工藝文件的內(nèi)容，填入一定格式的卡片，即成為生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備和施工依據(jù)的工藝文件。常用的工藝文件的格式有下列幾種： 1 ．機(jī)械加工工藝過(guò)程卡這種卡片以工序?yàn)閱挝?，?jiǎn)要地列出整個(gè)零件加工所經(jīng)過(guò)的工藝路線（包括毛坯制造、機(jī)械加工和熱處理等）。它是制訂其它工藝文件的基礎(chǔ)，也是生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備、編排作業(yè)計(jì)劃和組織生產(chǎn)的依據(jù)。在這種卡片中，由于各工序的說(shuō)明不夠具體，故一般不直接指導(dǎo)工人操作，而多作為生產(chǎn)管理方面使用。但在單件小批生產(chǎn)中。由于通常不編制其它較詳細(xì)的工藝文件，而就以這種卡片指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)。機(jī)械加工工藝過(guò)程卡片見(jiàn)表所示。 2 ．機(jī)械加工工藝卡片機(jī)械加工工藝卡片是以工序?yàn)閱挝唬敿?xì)地說(shuō)明整個(gè)工藝過(guò)程的一種工藝文件。它是用來(lái)指導(dǎo)工人生產(chǎn)和幫助車(chē)間管理人員和技術(shù)人員掌握整個(gè)零件加工過(guò)程的一種主要技術(shù)文件，是廣泛用于成批生產(chǎn)的零件和重要零件的小批生產(chǎn)中。機(jī)械加工工藝卡片內(nèi)容包括零件的材料、重量、毛坯種類、工序號(hào)、工序名稱、工序內(nèi)容、工藝參數(shù)、操作要求以及采用的設(shè)備和工藝裝備等。機(jī)械加工工藝卡片格式見(jiàn)表所示。 3 ．機(jī)械加工工序卡片機(jī)械加工工序卡片是根據(jù)機(jī)械加工工藝卡片為一道工序制訂的。它更詳細(xì)地說(shuō)明整個(gè)零件各個(gè)工序的要求，是用來(lái)具體指導(dǎo)工人操作的工藝文件。在這種卡片上要畫(huà)工序簡(jiǎn)圖，說(shuō)明該工序每一工步的內(nèi)容、工藝參數(shù)、操作要求以及所用的設(shè)備及工藝裝備。一般用于大批大量生產(chǎn)的零件。