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考點33 it的用法 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一 it作人稱代詞 1.用來指代前文中提到的東西。既可指代具體的東西，也可指代一種情況。請看下面的例子 1）I hear you bought a new bike, can you show it to me？ 2）If I can stop her ing to you, I shall do it. 3）—I want to stay here for a night. —Your wife won’t like it 此時要注意與其他代詞如that, one, those, this, another等的區(qū)別： 1.I hear you bought a new bike, I want to buy _______ , too.此處應(yīng)填one，因為這里我并不是要買你的車，而是一輛新車，one ＝a new bike。 2.I have bought a new bike, but I still want to buy _______ .此處應(yīng)填another。我已有了一輛，再買另一輛。another ＝another new bike。 3.We see him when we e to town, but _______ isn’t often.此處填that或it均可。指代前面我們?nèi)コ抢飼r可以看到他這一情況。 4.My seat is next to _______ of the headmaster.此處應(yīng)填that，用來代替名詞seat，that＝the seat。 5.The bikes made this year are better than _______ made last years.此處應(yīng)填those或the ones。代替前文的bikes，因其是復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用those或the ones，those ／the ones＝the bikes。 2.也可以指動物 Is this your dog？No, it isn’t. 3用來指代人。 說明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代嬰兒或兒童；在不清楚某人性別時，也可使用 it，尤其在問答的形式中更為常見。例如： —Who is it? —It’s me. Who is it there? It’s I (me/you/he....). I thought it was Mary, but it was not she. Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 1.（2018新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try. 【答案】it \running 【解析】考查代詞或名詞的用法。我們都應(yīng)該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為：試試。此處it可以指running。故填it或running。 2.—Who’s that at the door? —__________ is the milkman. A. He B. It C. This D. That 【答案】B 【解析】考查代詞的用法。句意：——誰在門外？——是送牛奶的。因為不知道門外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故選B。 3.If I can help_______, I don’t like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 【答案】C 考向二 非人稱代詞it it有時并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時間、日期、距離、價值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的it： 1.指天氣： It is a lovely day, isn’t it? It is a bit windy. 2.指時間: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 3.指環(huán)境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4.指距離：It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre. 5指日期： What’s the date today? It’s the eleventh, October. 6指季節(jié)：It is summer now. 7指度量：It is about 20 pound/kg 8.指價值： --- What’s the cost of the dictionary? ---It is sixty-three. 9指溫度It’s 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot. —He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was _____? —_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It 【答案】D 考向二 作形式主語，替代不定式、ing形式或主語從句 （一） 作形式主語替代主語從句 1.①It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that ...該句型中it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為＂清楚（顯然，真的，肯定……）＂ 是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. ② It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that ... 該句型和上一個同屬一個句型；由于主句中的形容詞不同，that 后的從句中要用虛擬語氣（should + 動詞原形），should 可以省去，建議記住該句型中的形容詞。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 2.① It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that ... 該句型中的it 仍是形式主語，真正主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為＂據(jù)說（據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉……）＂。 It is said that he has e to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 該句型?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句或者含有不定式作主補的簡單句。例如： It’s said that Tom has e back from abroad.→People say that Tom has e back from abroad.→He is said to have e back from abroad. ① It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/manded... ) that ... 該句型和上一個同屬一個句型，主句中的過去分詞是表示請求，建議，命令等詞時，that 后的從句要用虛擬語氣（should + 動詞原形），should 可以?。怀Ｗg為＂據(jù)建議；有命令…….） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 3.It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that ... 該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should + 動詞原形），should可省去.表示出乎意料，常譯為＂竟然＂。沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！ 4. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that... 該句型中it是形式主語，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，主句中的happen ， seem等詞是不及物動詞。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧…… It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.看來他非常喜歡流行歌曲。 該句型可轉(zhuǎn)換成含不定式的簡單句。如上述兩句可分別轉(zhuǎn)換為： He happened to meet his teacher in the street. He seems to enjoy pop songs very much. 5.it代替連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句作形式主語 （1）It is known（not decided，not made clear，found out，discussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain等）＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。 It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet. 我們將什么時候舉行運動會還是一個問題。 It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not. 他能否來開會還不能確定。 （2）It doesn’t matter（It’s no wonder；It doesn’t make too much difference等）＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。 It doesn’t matter whether we go together or separately.我們一起去還是分開去都可以。 It is no wonder why he came here too late.他為什么來這么晚不足為怪 (二)作形式主語替代不定式。常見的句型有： 1. ①. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由 of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。 常見的有： bad, brave , careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good （好心的）, honest , horrible, kind , lazy, modest, naughty, nice（有教養(yǎng)的）, polite， rude, silly, stupid , wise, wrong（錯誤的）等。 這個句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. ②It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 該句型與上一個同屬一個句型，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。 常見的形容詞有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy， safe， mon， normal， hard， difficult， dangerous， unusual， rare， impossible， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫， 如： It is important for her to e to the party. = It is important that she (should ) e to the party. 2.It takes sb. ... to do sth. 該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時間，常譯為＂做……要花費某人……＂。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. (三) 作形式主語替代ing形式 It is no good / no use/useless doing sth. 該句型中的真正主語是動名詞短語。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock. 考向四 作形式賓語，代替不定式、ing形式、賓語從句。 1. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 該句型中的it 作形式賓語，為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為＂6123結(jié)構(gòu)＂。 6指主句中常用的動詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的是形式賓語it；2指的是賓補的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動名詞短語或that等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. The professor thinks it no good reading without understanding. The Internet makes it easier for panies to keep in touch with customers. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 【答案】C 【解析】這是一個賓語從句，make的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的句子，在本句中用it做形式賓語代指that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。句意為：Susan向我表明她希望能過上新的生活。故答案選C。 2. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made_________ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. A. this B. that C.one D.it 【答案】D 2. 在like, dislike, hate, love, take, appreciate, depend on, see to(處理)，insist on，help等動詞后，形式賓語it后可直接跟賓語從句。此時，it表模糊概念，指代后面所敘述的內(nèi)容。 You may depend on it that I shall always support you. I hate it when people laugh at the disabled. I will appreciate it if you can help me with my English. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it 【答案】D 【解析】句意：當(dāng)你正在看一個你喜歡的節(jié)目時，突然有個人進(jìn)來，一聲不吭地關(guān)掉電視，你會怎么想？It作形式賓語，指代If后面的句子。該句涉及到了一個疑問句，一個條件狀語從句（if）和兩個并列句(and)。這當(dāng)時應(yīng)該先把它轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句you would like______分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)知道like之后缺少一個賓語，需要一個賓格代詞充當(dāng)，所以答案選it。 考向五it的重要句型 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句 ① It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who ... 該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人，that可以由who換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個完整無缺的句子；這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met her in the street. It is you that /who are wrong. I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that) What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that) ② It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that ... 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時間狀語，譯成漢語＂直到……才……＂，可以說是 not ... until ... 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的兩種變形形式： 一般疑問句形式：Is/ Was it … that…? 特殊疑問句形式：Who/ Whom /When/ When 等 + is/ was it that …? 1)Was it in 1979 ______ the American astronaut succeeded ______ landing on the moon? A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in (Key: D) 2）Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert? A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself (Key: A) 3）Who was it that you met in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇到的是誰？ Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？ I don’t mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to. A. it B. that C. this D. which 【答案】A 2.It ＋be的適當(dāng)形式＋時間＋ when-clause 這個句型中，it指時間，而且表示時間的詞語前沒有介詞（時間一般為具體時間）。主句中的謂語動詞和從句中的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。常譯為＂當(dāng)……的時候，是……＂例如： It was already 8o’clock when we got home. It will be midnight when they get there. It was five o’clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain. It was at five o’clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain. A. since B. when C. that D. until 3.It ＋is/has been＋一段時間＋ since-clause 這個句型表示從since從句謂語動作發(fā)生以后到現(xiàn)在或過去所經(jīng)過的一段時間，意為＂自從……以來已多久了＂since 從句后用一般過去時，例如： It is／has been three years since his father passed away.他父親去逝已經(jīng)有三年了。 It is/has been fifteen years since she left Shanghai.她離開上海已經(jīng)15年了 4. ①It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，常用一般過去時態(tài)表示虛擬. It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car. It is (high ) time you made up your mind. ②It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 該句型要和上一個句型區(qū)別開來，該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)，。至于用什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去；it有時用 this替換.常譯為＂是第一（二）……次……＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit to Africa. 5.It ＋be的適當(dāng)形式＋一段時間＋before-clause 這個句型中的時間一般為表示一段時間的詞語（如：long，years，months，weeks，days ， hours，minutes），主句中的謂語動詞用肯定式，意為＂過多長時間才……＂。主句的謂語動詞是否定式時，意為＂沒過多長時間就……＂。主句的時態(tài)可用過去時was或?qū)頃r will be；用was時，before從句的動詞用一般過去時；用will be時，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： It was not long before she learned those poems by heart .她沒過多久就背會了那些詩歌。 It was long before the police arrived.過了很久警察才來。 It will be hours before he makes a decision.要過好幾個小時他才會作出決定。 It will not be hours before we meet again.要不了幾個小時我們還會再見面的。 6. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 該句型中it無意義， as if 引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句。常譯為＂看起來好象……＂如果與事實不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （沒有生?。? It seemed as if he were dying. 題組一 能力過關(guān) I．單項填空 1.Young people should be independent, and dont take _________for granted that you can depend on your parents when in trouble. A.one B.it C. this D. that 2.He didnt make _________clear when and where the sports meet would be held. A. this B.it C. that D.one 3.They dislike _________when people do not look at the name cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking. A. that B. them C.it D. you 4.We find ______easy to get along with our new teachers here. A. that B.it C. this D.不填 5.Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent. A. which B.it C. them D. those 6.Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent. A. which B.it C. them D. those 7.The pop singer is talented and elegant. ____ is no surprise that she has so many fans around the world. A. It B. There C. That D. What 8.We all consider _________significant that we should cancel the order immediately. A. how B. which C. this D.it 9. _________is required that every employee here be able to use a puter and speak good English. A. Which B. What C.As D. It 10.—The weather turns out to be fine. — We can depend on _________ that the goods will be shipped to the flooded area on time. A.it B./ C. this D. which II．短文改錯 While I was deciding what food to buy in a store, a young man worked there asked me how I was doing. As usual, I told truth. He said, "I’ll be right back." I thought he was another person who thought I talked too many, and politely excuse himself. I was heading out while he came back and handed to me a beautiful bunch of flowers. Tied to him was a note saying "Have a Happy New Year". The act of this young man almost moved me to tear. It had been an extreme difficult day. My heart was hurt and an angel came to treat me for kindness. 題組二 體驗真題 1.（2014陜西）I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will e. A. it B. you C. one D. this 2.（2014浙江） An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A. each B. it C. this D. one 題組一 能力過關(guān) 1.B 【解析】考查代詞。句意為：年輕人應(yīng)該獨立，不能把遇到困難就依靠父母當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然的事情。take it for granted that…是固定句型，表示“認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然”。 2.B 【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他沒有弄清楚運動會將于何時何地舉行。A.this代指下文的情況；B.it形式主語或形式賓語，代指句中真正主語或賓語；C.that代指上文的情況；D.one代指上文的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。句中it為形式賓語，clear是賓補，真正賓語是when and where the sports meet would be held，故選B。 3.C 4.B 【解析】考查代詞it的用法。句意：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)與我們這里的新老師相處很容易。此處it作形式賓語,而真正的賓語為后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to get along with our new teachers here。故選B。 5.B 【解析】考查代詞。句意：90%最流行的視頻游戲都包含暴力，其中很多是極其暴力的。it指代不可數(shù)名詞violence。 6.B 【解析】考查代詞。句意：幾乎90%的流行的視頻游戲都包含暴力，很多是非常暴力的。用much說明of后面的代詞指代不可數(shù)名詞violence，用it代替，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，這句話有and，不是定語從句，them和those指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故選B。 7.A 【解析】考查it的用法。句意：這個流行歌手非常有才，非常優(yōu)雅。她在全世界有如此多的歌迷一點也不令人驚奇。it是形式主語，代指真正的主語從句“that she has so many fans around the world”。 8.D 【解析】句意：我們認(rèn)為立刻取消這個訂單是十分重要的。題干屬于"consider+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語/that…"結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的從句。 9.D 【解析】句意：這里的每位員工都被要求能熟練操作電腦,會說流利的英語。題干屬于"It is+過去分詞+that…"句型，故用It， It是形式主語，真正的主語是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句。 10.A II．短文改錯 【答案】 While I was deciding what food to buy in a store, a young man there asked me how I was doing. As usual, I told truth. He said, "I’ll be right back." I thought he was another person who thought I talked too , and politely himself. I was heading out he came back and handed to me a beautiful bunch of flowers. Tied to was a note saying "Have a Happy New Year". The act of this young man almost moved me to . It had been an difficult day. My heart was hurt and an angel came to treat me kindness. 【解析】 第一處：worked→working?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語動詞為asked，而work與其邏輯主語a young man之間為主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式working作后置定語。 第二處：truth前加the?？疾楣谠~。tell the truth"說實話"為固定短語。 第三處：many→much?？疾楦痹~。此處應(yīng)用副詞much修飾動詞talked。 第四處：excuse→excused。考查時態(tài)。此處表示"我以為他是又一個覺得我話太多的人，于是禮貌地請求離開"。根據(jù)語境及從句中的"and"可知，此處應(yīng)是excused與上文的was并列作從句的謂語動詞，主語均為he，故應(yīng)用一般過去時。 第五處：while→when?？疾檫B詞。此處表示"我正要出去，這時他回來了并遞給我一束(扎得)漂亮的花"。be doing ... when...為固定句型，表示"正在做……，這時……"。 第八處：tear→tears?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。move sb. to tears"使某人感動得落淚"為固定搭配。 第九處：extreme→extremely?？疾楦痹~。此處應(yīng)用副詞extremely"非常，極其"來修飾形容詞difficult。 第十處：for→with?？疾榻樵~。treat sb. with sth."以……態(tài)度/方式對待……"為固定搭配。 題組二 體驗真題 1.A 【解析】考查代詞辨析及語境理解。appreciate后跟接if或when從句時，其后不直接跟if或when引導(dǎo)的從句，若語義上需要接這類從句，需借助it。故選A。 2.B 【解析】這里用it代替時間last year，其他的選項代詞不能代替時間。句意：去年平均降雨量18.75cm，是加利福尼亞在1850年成為一個州以來，去年是最干的一年。故選B。