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專題12 七選五 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 忽視詞匯和關(guān)鍵信息銜接導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤 (1)忽視詞匯線索——代詞 Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago... In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (鄉(xiāng)村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history — a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. 2 The process of urbanization — the migration (遷移) of people from the countryside to the city — was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies. 【錯(cuò)因分析】考生容易因忽視代詞線索或者沒有分析清楚代詞所指代的對(duì)象而誤選其他答案。 【正確答案】D 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。代詞是指代名詞或句子的，通過代詞在句中的成分，可以判斷它所指代內(nèi)容的類型。 在詳讀文章和選項(xiàng)的過程中，一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或者指示代詞，特別是選項(xiàng)中以及空格附近句子中出現(xiàn)的代詞。根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和其在句子中所作的成分，我們可以找出代詞指代的名詞或者句子，從而幫助我們解題。 (2)忽視詞匯線索——同義詞/近義詞 Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. G. Planning in business management has three main aspects. 【錯(cuò)因分析】有些學(xué)生容易忽視詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)而誤選其他答案。 【正確答案】G 七選五段落前后往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)語(yǔ)甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是我們解題的一個(gè)很好的判斷線索。復(fù)現(xiàn)是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段。作者在文章中會(huì)對(duì)同一個(gè)概念重復(fù)描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)通常有同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。七選五中，詞匯線索是一個(gè)十分重要的解題方法，所以，瀏覽文章過程中圈出關(guān)鍵詞十分重要。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 語(yǔ)意理解錯(cuò)誤 Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources… Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. ____2____ Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior ＂contributes to＂ or is ＂associated with＂ an oute; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result… Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it. Use your mon sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements… Evaluate ＂scientific＂ statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖騙術(shù)). G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from mon sources. 【錯(cuò)因分析】學(xué)生容易因?qū)φZ(yǔ)意理解有誤而誤選其他答案。 【正確答案】G 設(shè)問在段尾 所選答案應(yīng)引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開頭是否有關(guān)聯(lián)。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)緊密相連。注意分析其與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折還是對(duì)比關(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。如果在第一段的段尾設(shè)題，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞，如轉(zhuǎn)折詞來引出來，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。段尾通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如：therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)銜接理解錯(cuò)誤 4 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (維生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health. A. Eat your greens. 【錯(cuò)因分析】本題學(xué)生容易誤認(rèn)為所填句子與文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)關(guān)而誤選其他答案。 【試題解析】這是一道小標(biāo)題的試題，位于整個(gè)段落的最前面，這樣的選項(xiàng)，往往是對(duì)下面整個(gè)段落內(nèi)容的概括和總結(jié)，反映整個(gè)段落的主旨和大意。這種試題往往需要從下面的整段中搜索核心詞匯，找出做題的線索?？瞻滋幒笪牡膬?nèi)容是：作為健康飲食的一部分，每天要吃更多的水果和蔬菜。維生素C和E幫助保護(hù)視力，促進(jìn)眼睛健康。這里根據(jù)下文的核心詞匯fruits and vegetables，Vitamins可知，A項(xiàng)＂Eat your greens.(吃點(diǎn)綠色蔬菜)＂能夠概括本段大意。故選A項(xiàng)。 【正確答案】A 1. 假如問題出現(xiàn)在段首，它通常是段落主題句 認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。另外著重閱讀后文第一、二句，鎖定線索詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會(huì)有某種銜接手段。 2. 語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)是指語(yǔ)篇中表明各種邏輯連接關(guān)系，并對(duì)語(yǔ)篇連貫起指示作用的詞語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)可以是表示時(shí)間順序的first，then，next等；表達(dá)作者組織語(yǔ)篇方式的for example，in other words，in short等。語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)不僅能表達(dá)相鄰句子之間的關(guān)系，還能表明某一特定語(yǔ)篇的總體走向。因此，對(duì)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)了解得越多，就越可以更好地理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。 3. 空前空后 一篇文章的句與句之間必然有一定的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)，如果我們把其中一句抽掉，必然會(huì)影響其邏輯意義的順暢發(fā)展。比如說空前空后的兩句討論的不是同一個(gè)主題，那么空格處所在的句子一般會(huì)起轉(zhuǎn)折、改變?cè)掝}等作用。 (1)從行文邏輯上判斷——例證關(guān)系 前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點(diǎn))和推理(從觀點(diǎn)到例子)。 Protect against UV rays (紫外線). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. 2 C. They can properly protect your eyes. 【解析】空白處前面的句子No matter what the season is，it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses.意為＂無(wú)論是什么季節(jié)，戴太陽(yáng)鏡是極其重要的＂，屬于總結(jié)概括句。選項(xiàng)C意為＂它們可以適當(dāng)?shù)乇Ｗo(hù)你的眼睛＂，本句是對(duì)上句觀點(diǎn)的舉例說明，能很好地順接語(yǔ)境。故選C。 【答案】C (2)從行文邏輯上判斷——轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)的邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間有however(然而)，nevertheless(然而，不過)，still(還，仍然)，though(可是，不過，然而)，yet(然而)，on the contrary(正相反)，in contrast(與此相反，相比之下)，in parison(比較起來，與……比較)，by parison(相比之下)等詞，則表明前后兩句話存在邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 Don’t forget to forgive yourself. 5 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it. E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge. 【答案】E (3)從行文邏輯上判斷——因果關(guān)系 做題時(shí)最重要的是要在讀懂空格前后的句子的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)彼此的關(guān)系來確認(rèn)答案。有時(shí)，前后的句子之間出現(xiàn)as a result(結(jié)果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so(such)...that(如此……以至于)等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)，表明前后句有著原因和結(jié)果的關(guān)系，說明前因后果或者前果后因等情況。 Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 4 A. That kept cities very small. 【解析】空格的上一句話提到了，即使在先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)，也需要大約95個(gè)農(nóng)民養(yǎng)活5個(gè)城市人，這只有一個(gè)結(jié)果，就是使得城市很小，與A項(xiàng)信息呼應(yīng)。 【答案】A (4)從行文邏輯上判斷——遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間有also(也，而且)，further(進(jìn)一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同樣地，也)，similarly(相同地，類似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外，加之)，what’s more(更重要的是)，not only...but also(不但……而且……)等連接詞或詞組，則表明前后兩句是邏輯上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，空格處很有可能是個(gè)遞進(jìn)的句子。 Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. _____5____ Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers. F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. 【答案】F (5)從行文邏輯上判斷——并列關(guān)系 如果空格前后兩句話之間有first(首先，第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，secondly(第二(點(diǎn))，其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(第一)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第一，首先)，in the second place(第二，其次)；for one thing(首先，一則)，for another(其次)；to begin with(首先，第一)等詞或詞組，則表明前后兩句是邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，空格處很有可能是個(gè)并列的句子。 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 【解析】根據(jù)上文所提到的One和下文所提到的The third可知，這里是按照順序排列，此處應(yīng)該是第二條，與E項(xiàng)The second aspect...相呼應(yīng)。 【答案】E 【解題步驟】 1. 通讀全文 快速瀏覽文章，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)及主要內(nèi)容，尋找主題句。 2. 定位選項(xiàng) 明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，圍繞文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫時(shí)尤其要注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。 3. 通讀復(fù)檢 將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系。 4. 確定排除 研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，以防造成易混選項(xiàng)誤選，最終確定答案。 【解題策略】 熟練利用三種銜接手段——詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。 1. 詞匯銜接 詞匯銜接可分為： （1）代詞 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，利用指代關(guān)系或根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。 （2）同義詞/近義詞 英語(yǔ)前言后語(yǔ)之間常有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是解題的很好的判斷線索。 （3）上下義詞/同一范疇詞 什么是上下義詞或同一范疇詞？舉例說明。如：job和driver之間就是上下義詞，因?yàn)榍罢甙撕笳?。driver和doctor之間則是同一范疇的關(guān)系，都屬于job。 2. 邏輯銜接 邏輯銜接可分為： （1）解釋關(guān)系：前后句之間含有解釋的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣的邏輯關(guān)系較隱蔽。 （2）例證關(guān)系：前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。 （3） 因果關(guān)系：前后句的邏輯是因果關(guān)系，常見的邏輯表達(dá)有：because, for, since, as, the reason is that, result in/from, due to, in response to等。 （4）順逆關(guān)系：如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很可能是表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的句子。 （5）總分結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系：英語(yǔ)文章大多數(shù)都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. 結(jié)構(gòu)銜接 結(jié)構(gòu)銜接包括： （1）描述性結(jié)構(gòu)（主要介紹事物、問題的特點(diǎn)或?qū)θ宋镞M(jìn)行描述，因此時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)往往是出題的重點(diǎn)）； （2）釋義性結(jié)構(gòu)（解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用舉例、比喻來闡述）； （3）比較性結(jié)構(gòu)（把兩個(gè)人或事物的功能、特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比）； （4）原因性結(jié)構(gòu)（這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要分析事物的成因，有客觀的、主觀的、直接的和間接的等）； （5）駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)（這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是先介紹一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)論或駁斥，再分析其優(yōu)點(diǎn)、危害性，最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)）。 【特別注意】 辨別語(yǔ)境線索： 語(yǔ)境線索主要指反應(yīng)上下文關(guān)系的銜接手段，如篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)、邏輯、連接、指稱、同構(gòu)等。 詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)是指詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，不是指詞語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單重現(xiàn)，而是指某詞語(yǔ)可能以不同詞類、詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)，還可能是以同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等形式出現(xiàn)。（關(guān)鍵詞） 邏輯是事物之間內(nèi)在的、必然的聯(lián)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、空間位置關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、歸納總結(jié)關(guān)系、總分關(guān)系等。 連接是指用連接詞或連接語(yǔ)表明上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如and, however。（并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系） 指稱是指用代詞替代前文已出現(xiàn)的人物、事件、物品等，如he, she, they。 同構(gòu)是指上下文使用了同一或類似的句式。 【答題探究】 一、選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn) (1)主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容） (2)過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)） (3)注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義） 二、解題技巧 1. 查看有無(wú)主題句：段首或段尾 2. 看空前空后內(nèi)容，分析之間的邏輯性 3. 觀察語(yǔ)法關(guān)系：同義詞或近義詞的重復(fù)使用、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化、動(dòng)賓搭配等 4. 注意代詞或定冠詞：it, they, this, the… 5. 注意特殊疑問詞及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào): why, where, when, what… 6. 注意連詞: however, so, though, not only…but also, also ... 7. 靈活掌握答題順序 8. 看選項(xiàng)，初步排除含有無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。 三、七選五解題的三個(gè)切入點(diǎn) 1. 從語(yǔ)境入手 在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再利用線索特征詞等進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)答案。 2. 從詞匯入手 做題時(shí)很重要的一點(diǎn)是保持對(duì)一些線索詞的敏感，最主要的線索特征詞是空白前后的名詞和動(dòng)詞，尋找答案時(shí)注意在選項(xiàng)中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語(yǔ)等。其次是代詞、數(shù)詞、表示時(shí)間/年代的詞、地點(diǎn)/名稱等專有名詞等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。 3. 從邏輯關(guān)系入手 由于英語(yǔ)的句、段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示銜接和過渡，使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫，因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號(hào)詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索。 在做題時(shí)可將這三個(gè)層面的線索很好地結(jié)合起來。例如，在看到表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)，一般表示前后句子的名詞或句意具有同指性；而表示轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系的詞則往往表示前后句子的名詞同指，但句意對(duì)立，或褒貶對(duì)立或肯否對(duì)立；而表示例證關(guān)系的詞則意味著在舉例之前或之后有表述概念或某一觀點(diǎn)的句子，往往會(huì)有復(fù)數(shù)名詞出現(xiàn)。常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞主要有： 并列與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and, or, also, neither, nor, either, or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, what’s more等。 因果關(guān)系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course等。 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of等。 時(shí)間關(guān)系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with, in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with等。 四、解題步驟 具體答題步驟如下： 1. 通讀全文，理解大意，畫出關(guān)鍵詞 先快速瀏覽全文，尋找主題句，快速掌握文章的主題及主要內(nèi)容。在瀏覽完全文，對(duì)全文的大意有所了解后，我們應(yīng)該順次瀏覽一下所有的選項(xiàng)。在瀏覽的過程中，要特別注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的與原文相同或者相似的詞語(yǔ)，如果遇到這種情況，可以試著把選項(xiàng)代入原文，看看是否符合上下文邏輯。 2. 分析銜接手段，初步試填 文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。詳細(xì)閱讀，明確各段的主旨，并找出各個(gè)小段落的關(guān)鍵詞，為解題做好鋪墊。然后再明確各選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。 一般來說，文章的行文需要通過一定的銜接手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)。文章的銜接手段有：重復(fù)使用某一詞語(yǔ)或其近義詞，用總稱指代具體事物或用具體事物指代整體，使用代詞避免重復(fù)，使用語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)連接句子等，即詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。我們要對(duì)文章匯總出現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。有時(shí)候我們?cè)谧x文章時(shí)即使沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的銜接手段，也能感覺到字里行間千絲萬(wàn)縷的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)。 3. 做好標(biāo)記，排除干擾項(xiàng) 一旦確定一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就在該選項(xiàng)上做出標(biāo)記(如刪除符號(hào))，以避免其干擾和分散我們的注意力。我們?cè)谶x完答案后，還要注意對(duì)多余選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。由于多余選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)與某個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近，所以我們要對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究，確定排除理由，從而選出正確答案。 4. 代入重讀，確定答案 最后，我們還需要將選項(xiàng)代入到文章重讀，檢查文章邏輯是否合理、語(yǔ)義是否清晰、語(yǔ)句是否連貫通暢，從而判斷所選答案是否正確。 【特別注意】 解七選五類型的題目需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 根據(jù)解題技巧可能發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩處或三處與該空格有關(guān)系，此時(shí)必須要冷靜分析哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)與該段或整篇文章關(guān)系最緊密。 2. 對(duì)該題型大家關(guān)注的內(nèi)容主要是空格前后的內(nèi)容，在把握好整篇文章主題的前提下，無(wú)需對(duì)離空格太遠(yuǎn)的句子進(jìn)行分析。 3. 分析選項(xiàng)中的時(shí)態(tài)是否與全文時(shí)態(tài)吻合，不能吻合的選項(xiàng)可直接排除。 【巧學(xué)妙記】 七選五做題口訣 口訣一： 七選五，重結(jié)構(gòu)； 給標(biāo)題，猜大意； 段首句，主題句； 空前后，靠邏輯； 陳述否定祈使句。 看標(biāo)點(diǎn)，大小寫； 冠名代，特關(guān)鍵； K(=key words)F(=foretelling)C(=connection)，細(xì)品味； 主旨過渡細(xì)節(jié)類。 口訣二： 文章標(biāo)題猜大意，段首段尾主題句； 空前空后邏輯性，同義舉例與對(duì)比； 代詞冠詞大小寫，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)關(guān)鍵詞； 相似句式或排比，多個(gè)條款要對(duì)起。 高考真題 題組一 2018年真題 Passage 1（2018新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I） Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little plex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger mitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 . A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中顏色的選擇問題。 38. D 【解析】本空是一個(gè)主題句，總說選擇小顏色是我們很熟悉的方法。后文分說小顏色的具體用途。故選D。 Passage 2（2018新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II） If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___ Your metabolism(新陳代謝) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. ___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. ___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long. A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer healthy food to fast food. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up! 【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。列舉了早晨鍛煉對(duì)人體的四條好處，號(hào)召人們?cè)琰c(diǎn)起床，進(jìn)行身體鍛煉。 36.G 【解析】根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容“生活忙碌沒有時(shí)間鍛煉”和空后的內(nèi)容“晨練除了身體健康之外，還能帶來其他好處”，下文接著列舉了晨練的其他好處。由此可知，此處缺一個(gè)承上啟下句。G項(xiàng)中then listen up!（那么請(qǐng)仔細(xì)聽!）很好的起到了承上啟下的作用。故選G。 37.E 【解析】根據(jù)上一句Exercising makes you more awake（鍛煉能讓你更清醒），E項(xiàng)（你可以在運(yùn)動(dòng)后保持頭腦清醒4-10個(gè)小時(shí)。）是對(duì)上一句的進(jìn)一步解釋。故選E。 39.B 【解析】此處缺一個(gè)主題句?？蘸缶渥咏忉屃嗽缙疱憻挼娜吮韧砩襄憻挼娜怂酶?。B項(xiàng)（你的睡眠質(zhì)量提高了。）是對(duì)后面內(nèi)容的總述。故選B。 40.A 【解析】根據(jù)空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨鍛煉身體，你將更有可能堅(jiān)持健康的食物選擇。）”，A項(xiàng)(你將堅(jiān)持你的飲食。)符合本段內(nèi)容，是主題句，起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文的作用。故選A。 Passage 3（2017新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷III） Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between. ___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time. “I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I cant imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____Its great to watch them. For many of them, its a way of meeting people and having a social life." ___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “Theyre learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____” So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me Im alive." A. So why do we dance? B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere. C. If you like dancing outdoors, e to America. D. My older students say it makes them feel young. E. I keep practicing even When Im extremely tired. F. Dancing seems to change their feeling pletely. G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了跳舞的好處。 36.B 【解析】根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，這里是說遭美國(guó)都有人跳舞 從弗羅里達(dá)到阿拉斯加，從北到南等，因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。 38.A 【解析】根據(jù)第四段后句，是通過舉例介紹人們跳舞的原因，故選A。 39.F 【解析】根據(jù)前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他們的心情徹底改變，故選F。 40.E 【解析】根據(jù)文章前后句可知，此處人稱為第一人稱，所以E符合語(yǔ)境，作者結(jié)合自己的跳舞經(jīng)歷介紹了跳舞給自己帶來的好處。 Passage 4（2017浙江卷） Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you bee an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to acplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. ___31_____ Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房產(chǎn)) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk，take a small garbage bag. ____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area. _____34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. _____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly bee a good neighbor that everyone appreciate. A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E. Should you e across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up. F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly 【文章大意】怎樣成為一個(gè)鄰居都喜歡的人，作者給了幾點(diǎn)建議。 31.G 【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講如果你想成為鄰居中一個(gè)可以接受和有價(jià)值的部分，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是確保你的行為舉止像一個(gè)好鄰居。下文是具體做法，G項(xiàng)：這里有一些技巧，可以幫助你迅速贏得鄰居的信賴。承上啟下，故選G。 33.E 【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段主要建議要重視社區(qū)的整體面貌，出門拿上一個(gè)垃圾袋，E項(xiàng)：遇到從路過的汽車?yán)锶映龅膹U紙，把它撿起來。與上句連接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故選E。 34.B 【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段是建議用鄰居可以接受的方式幫助他們，同時(shí)尊重鄰居的隱私。B項(xiàng)：好鄰居就是喜歡在小的方面幫助別人的人，符合本段內(nèi)容，故選B。 35.C 【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。最后一段是總結(jié)，只要我們考慮周到，尊重他人，照顧好屬于自己的東西，為周圍的人感到自豪，很快就會(huì)成為一個(gè)大家都喜歡的好鄰居。C項(xiàng)中considerate behavior是下文內(nèi)容的概括，故選C。 題組二 2017年真題 Passage 1（2017新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and unfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in mon with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a ba