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Women of achievement 【閱讀理解插花】 閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the unfortable silence. What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have promised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(潤(rùn)滑劑) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them.＂ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互動(dòng)) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(邊緣的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says. 1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A. Addiction to smartphones. B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places. C. Absence of munication between strangers. D. Impatience with slow service. 2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci? A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people. C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals. 3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk? A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence. C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Unfortable Silence 【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合或沉迷于智能手機(jī)，或與不舒服的沉默抗?fàn)帲吧酥g缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當(dāng)?shù)慕徽勯e聊的，閑聊是人際關(guān)系社會(huì)交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。 2.B 【解析】推理判斷題。題干問(wèn)得是對(duì)于Carducci來(lái)說(shuō)，成功的閑聊中重要的是什么。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them”（成功閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)習(xí)如何與他們交流，而不僅僅是與他們溝通。）由此推斷C符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為：表現(xiàn)出良好的禮貌。B項(xiàng)意為：與他人有關(guān)的。C項(xiàng)意為：專注于一個(gè)話題。D項(xiàng)意為：做商業(yè)交易。故選B項(xiàng)。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。題干問(wèn)的是：咖啡店的研究對(duì)閑聊有什么建議。根據(jù)第四段的調(diào)查結(jié)果可知，那些與服務(wù)員聊天的人，有顯著的積極情緒和更好的咖啡店體驗(yàn)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為：閑聊改善了家庭關(guān)系。B項(xiàng)意為：閑聊提高了人們的信心。C項(xiàng)意為：閑聊和正式談話一樣重要。D項(xiàng)意為：閑聊讓人感覺(jué)很好。故選D項(xiàng)。 4.C 【解析】主旨大意題。整篇文章剛開始介紹了社會(huì)的現(xiàn)象（公共場(chǎng)合人們沉迷于智能手機(jī)，陌生人之間缺乏溝通交流），接著分析了這一問(wèn)題的原因，接下來(lái)有專家對(duì)閑聊進(jìn)行了研究，最后得出結(jié)論，閑聊都有什么樣的好處。A項(xiàng)意為：談話很重要。B項(xiàng)意為：閑聊的方法。C項(xiàng)意為：閑聊的好處。D項(xiàng)意為：不舒服的沉默。故選C項(xiàng)。 教材與語(yǔ)法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Jane Goodall had wanted to work with animals in their own environment since she 1. (be) a child. But this was not easy. When she first arrived in be in 1960, 2. was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. However, 3. the help of her mother, she began her work with the chimps, 4. changed the way that people think about chimps. Spending years observing and recording their daily 5. (active), Jane discovered that chimps hunt and eat meat, against what people used to think. She also discovered how chimps municate with each other.6. (work) with the chimps for years, Jane has argued that wild animals should 7. (leave) in the wild and not used for 8. (entertain) or advertisements. She has achieved everything she wanted to do, but more 9. (importance), she has got the world 10. (understand) and respect the lives of chimps. 答案：1.was　2.it　3.with　4.which　5.activities 6．Working　7.be left　8.entertainment 9．importantly　10.to understand 教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下列句子。 1．瑪麗是一個(gè)很有成就的人。她致力于幫助無(wú)家可歸的兒童，她的行為贏得了所有人的尊重。(achievement; behaviour; respect) 答案：Mary is a woman of great achievements. She has devoted herself to homeless children and her behaviour has won the respect of all. 2．瑪麗被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)诠鸫髮W(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表演講。(deliver) 答案：Mary was asked to deliver a speech at the graduation in Harvard University. 3．瑪麗說(shuō)：“關(guān)愛(ài)孩子是平凡的工作，但是你不要瞧不起平凡的工作?！?look down upon/on) 答案：Mary said, “Caring for children is an ordinary job, but don’t look down upon/on ordinary jobs.” 4．一旦開始做一件事情，你就必須堅(jiān)持下去，否則你將一事無(wú)成。(once; carry on) 答案：Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything. 5．只有當(dāng)你老了回首往事你能夠說(shuō)你已經(jīng)全力以赴時(shí)，你才會(huì)對(duì)你的一生感到滿足。(only＋狀語(yǔ)；be content with) 答案：Only when you are old looking back and saying that you have tried your best will you be content with your life. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過(guò)渡自然。 【完形填空插花】 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 My fianc(未婚夫)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner.It __1__ as“our day”，but little did we know that it would turn into much __2__.I didnt want the whole day to be about wanting to __3__ the office for the uping(即將到來(lái)的)__4__ and I didnt want it to be just another romantic night for two，__5__ I decided to do something to make ourselves and others happy. I began in small ways.I __6__ a few more coins into the food vending machines(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))at work for the staff，so that there would be something for the next __7__ worker.I posted smile signs in the hall which gave __8__ instructions on how to smile as __9__ entered the office，either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss.I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorful strips of paper and decorated my __10__ ，so that any colleague who came by might just__11__ for a moment，read，and __12__ change their feeling. When it came time for our lovely dinner to __13__ that night，I left the server a big __14__ and a wellwishing note for her to have a __15__ day.As my fiance and I were just about to leave our table，the waitress __16__ tears beside us.We asked her to __17__ with us and we just listened.As an emotional mothertobe，I __18__ along with her，too.Our table for two was now for __19__. It was a day that was not __20__ ours，but it was the waitressday，my coworkers day，and now its your day too! 1．A.started　　　　　B．a(chǎn)dapted C．disappeared D．finished 2．A.later B．worse C．more D．earlier 3．A.apply B．leave C．find D．stay 4．A.party B．picnic C．banquet D．dinner 5．A.if B．though C．so D．because 6．A.turned B．put C．made D．hid 7．A.full B．sleepy C．a(chǎn)ngry D．hungry 8．A.few B．clean C．clear D．puzzling 9．A.employees B．managers C．friends D．bosses 10．A.home B．office C．restaurant D．bedroom 11．A.stop B．run C．eat D．buy 12．A.never B．hardly C．frequently D．perhaps 13．A.change B．begin C．a(chǎn)rise D．end 14．A.bill B．tip C．order D．menu 15．A.wonderful B．careful C．busy D．a(chǎn)nxious 16．A.looked into B．came into C．made into D．burst into 17．A.stand up B．sit down C．go away D．stay up 18．A.smiled B．shouted C．cried D．cheered 19．A.three B．four C．five D．six 20．A.ever B．usual C．just D．even 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者和她的未婚夫決定一起共進(jìn)晚餐。在這本該屬于他們自己的特殊一天里，作者卻選擇把關(guān)愛(ài)和歡樂(lè)一同送給同事、餐廳服務(wù)員、甚至是未曾謀面的陌生人，讓愛(ài)和溫暖滋潤(rùn)他人。 1．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“but little did we know that it would turn into much ________”及下文內(nèi)容可知，這頓晚餐一開始只屬于我們。start意為“開始”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 2．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)最后一段中的“but it was the waitress day，my coworkers day, and now its your day too”可知，“我們”的這一天最后卻變得更有意義，是更多人的一天。more 意為“更多”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 3．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指吃晚飯前先離開辦公室。leave意為“離開”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 4．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“a nice dinner”可知，此處指即將到來(lái)的晚餐。故選D。 5．C　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指作者不想這一天只屬于她和未婚夫，她也想給他人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。本句與上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選C。 6．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，硬幣應(yīng)該是放入自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)。B項(xiàng)意為“放，安置”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 7．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“food vending machines(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))”可知，此處指在自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)里放入多一些的硬幣，是為了讓下一個(gè)肚子餓了來(lái)買食物的同事有東西吃。hungry意為“饑餓的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 8．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“I posted smile signs in the hall”可知，此處指作者在大廳里貼出清晰易懂的笑臉示范。clear意為“清晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 9．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“right before a meeting with their boss”可知，此處應(yīng)指雇員。故選A。 10．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“any colleague who came by”可知，作者裝飾的是辦公室。故選B。 11．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“for a moment，read”可知，路過(guò)的同事們看到激勵(lì)的話會(huì)停下來(lái)讀一讀。故選A。 12．D　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者覺(jué)得這些激勵(lì)的話可能會(huì)改變同事們的心情。此處表推測(cè)。故選D。 13．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“I left the server...”可推知，此處應(yīng)表示在晚餐結(jié)束要離開的時(shí)候。end意為“結(jié)束，終止”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 14．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，在離開之前作者給服務(wù)員留下了很豐厚的小費(fèi)。B項(xiàng)意為“小費(fèi)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 15．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文及“a wellwishing note”可知，作者的便條是祝愿服務(wù)員有美好的一天。wonderful意為“精彩的，絕妙的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 16．D　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，服務(wù)員看到作者的便條感動(dòng)得哭了。burst into tears意為“突然哭了”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 17．B　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“with us”可知，作者邀請(qǐng)服務(wù)員坐下來(lái)，聽她傾訴。B項(xiàng)意為“坐下”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 18．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“As an emotional mothertobe”及語(yǔ)境可知，服務(wù)員突然哭起來(lái)，而作者作為一名感性的孕婦也陪她哭了起來(lái)。故選C。 19．A　考查數(shù)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，作者夫婦和服務(wù)員一起坐著，因此一共是三個(gè)人。故選A。 20．C　考查副詞辨析。句意為：這一天已經(jīng)不僅僅是屬于我們的，也是屬于服務(wù)員的、我的同事的而且現(xiàn)在也是你們的。just意為“僅僅”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯(cuò)誤，改正錯(cuò)誤并背誦該文。 Mary is a woman of great achievements，who has devoted herself to homeless children and her behaviour has won the respect of all. Recently, she asked to deliver a speech at the graduation in Harvard University. She said, “Care for children is an ordinary job，and don’t look down upon ordinary jobs.” Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it，otherwise you will never achieve anything. Only when you are old looking back on and saying that you have tried your best will you be content with your life. 答案： Mary is a woman of great achievements，who has devoted herself to homeless children and behaviour has won the respect of all. Recently, she asked to deliver a speech at the graduation in Harvard University. She said, “ for children is an ordinary job， don’t look down upon ordinary jobs.” Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it，otherwise you will never achieve anything. Only when you are old looking back and saying that you have tried your best will you be content with your life.