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第6練 動(dòng)詞 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Themuseum(become) ahitsinceitopenedattheendofOctober. 2．Shesaidshe(notice) abigchangeinmeandwonderedwhy. 3．HeisworkinginChina.Heonce(work) inSpaintenyearsago. 4．Theterm“thirdculturekid”(use) inthe1960sforthefirsttimebyDrRuth. 5．Whentheydestroyafarmer’scrops，thefarmermust(pay) compensation. 6．Buyersdon’tneedtoworryaboutpayingforgoodsandthen(receive) nothing. 7．Themuseum，(locate) nexttotheWuzhenscenicspot，coversanareaof5,000squaremetres. 8．Theyputthefoodoutintheirbackyardsandspendtimeintheniceweather，(watch) birds. 9．Theseclubsgiveyoutheopportunity(play) asportyouloveorlearnasportthatisnewtoyou. 10．Whenwesawtheroad(block) withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome. 11．Nowadays，therearesomestudents(use) cellphonestocopyteachers’lecturenotes. 12．Thegovernmentsentsomesoldierstorescuethose(bury) undertheruins. 13．Inaddition，(attract) byinterestingtopics，youarefreetogetinvolvedintheweeklydiscussion. 14．Mobilephoneaddictscan’thelp(check) theirmobilephonesallday，evenwhentheyarewalkingontheroad. 15．Weoftentakeexamsatschool，andsometimeswehavemanyexamsthat(be) toodifficultforus. 16．Yesterdaymorning，hewenttoabiggardeningcompany，(know) asGreenFingers，foraninterview. 技法總結(jié) 在語(yǔ)法填空中，主要是給出動(dòng)詞原形，要求根據(jù)上下文用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡Ｔ诙涛母腻e(cuò)中，考查形式主要表現(xiàn)為動(dòng)詞形式上的錯(cuò)誤。 1．首先判斷空格處是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。如果設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)，考查的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果設(shè)空處作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)，考查的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 2．確定屬于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，再通過(guò)題干中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)，上下文提供的語(yǔ)境，以及前后時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)來(lái)判斷正確的時(shí)態(tài)，從而正確填寫(xiě)或改正句中錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)類(lèi)題關(guān)鍵在于判斷句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是否是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查總是與句子時(shí)態(tài)一起，即確定是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之后，還要通過(guò)相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷用哪一種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這樣才能確保填寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)確的答案或改對(duì)相應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。 3．確定屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，再觀(guān)察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，由此判斷出正確的形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，常用現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞的一般式；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作如果發(fā)生得早，則要考慮完成式。 能力提升 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模) Theresearcherssayapersonlosestwomonthsforeverykilogramoverweighttheyare—andsevenyearsforsmokingapacketofcigarettesaday. Unusually，theEdinburghUniversityteamfoundtheiranswersbyanalysingdifferencesinpeople’sgeneticcodeorDNA.Finallytheythinkitwillshownewwaysofhelpingustolivelonger. Thegroupusedthegeneticcodeofmorethan600,000peoplewhoaretakingpartinanaturalexperiment.Ifsomeonesmokes，drinks，dropsoutofschoolandisoverweight，itcanbedifficulttoidentifytheimpactofonespecificunhealthybehavior. Instead，theresearchersturnedtothenaturalexperiment.Somepeoplecarrymutations(變異) intheirDNAthatincreaseappetite(食欲) ormakethemmorelikelytoputonweight，soresearcherswereabletocomparethoseprogrammedtoeatmorewiththosewhowerenot.TheresearchteamalsofoundspecificmutationsinhumanDNAthatalterlifespan(壽命)． ?Mutationsinagene(asetofinstructionsinDNA) thatisinvolvedinrunningtheimmunesystemcouldaddsevenmonthsoflifeonaverage. ?Peoplewithamutationthatincreasedlevelsofbadcholesterolknockedeightmonthsofflifespan. ?Araremutationinagene—APOE—linkedtodementiareducedlifespanby11months. ?Andonethatmadesmokingmoreappealingcutlivesbyfivemonths. DrJoshisaysthatwhilegenesdoinfluencelifespan，“you’vegotevenmoreinfluence”throughthechoicesyoumake.DrJoshisaid，“Wehopetodiscovergenesaffectinglifespantogiveusnewinformationaboutageingandconstructtreatmentforageing.” Therearealsosomediseasemutationsthatclearlyaffectlifespanandtodestructiveeffect，suchastheHuntington’sgene.PeoplewithHuntington’softendieintheir20s. However，inordertofollowpeopleuntiltheendoftheirlives，manyofthepeoplestudiedwerebornbefore1940. 17．Whatisthemostdifficultfortheresearcherstofind? A．Thedifferencesinpeople’sgeneticcode. B．Thereasonswhypeopleputonweightveryeasily. C．Theresultsofmanynaturalandmassiveexperiments. D．Onebadbehaviour’seffectonpeoplewithmanybadbehaviours. 18．Whichofthefollowingmutationsaffectslifespanmostgreatly? A．Onelinkedtocontrollingimmunesystem. B．Oneincreasingunhealthycholesterol. C．OnecalledAPOEinvolvedindementia. D．Onemakingsmokingmoreattractive. 19．What’sthemeaningofDrJoshi’sstudy? A．Tohelpstopmutations. B．Tofinddiseasesearlier. C．Tomakepeoplelivelonger. D．Toreducetheeffectsofgenes. 20．Whydidresearchersmainlystudypeoplebornbefore1940? A．Tofollowthemuntiltheydie. B．Toeducatethemanextrayear. C．Toshowtheyaremoreimportant. D．Tomakethemlivehappier. Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 China，whichtakesprideinfourinventionsinancienttimes，hasonceagainshownitsability21.(change) theworldwithits“newfourgreatinventions”：highspeedrailways，electronicpayment，sharedbicyclesandonlineshopping. Recently，the“newfourgreatinventions”22.(improve) thequalityofpeople’slives.Thankstoonlineshoppingandmobilepayment，peoplecanbuywhattheywant23. (simple) withatapofthephonewithindoors.Highspeedtrainshaveshortened24. journeyfromBeijingtothecoastalcityTianjintohalfanhour.Asforthebikes，theythemselvesarenotnew.Itistheoperatingmodelofbikesharing25.(base) onsatellitenavigation(導(dǎo)航) system，mobilepaymentaswellasbigdata26.hassurprisedtheworld.Sharedbicyclesarebringingcyclingback27.people’slivesandtheyaremakingpublictransportmore28.(attract)． ItisincreasinglyclearthatChinaisnolonger29.(copy) westernideasandisleadinginmanynewways.Agrowingnumberofforeign30.(company) hopetopromotethedevelopmentintheirhomecountrybyhighlightingtheneedfortechnologicalachievementslikethatofChina. Ⅳ.概要寫(xiě)作 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Theeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(認(rèn)真盡責(zé)) ——beingpunctual，carefulindoingwork，selfdisciplined，andscrupulous(一絲不茍的) inattendingtoresponsibilities——aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen，thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules，helpout，andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence，whoneverabusessickleaves，whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline. Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance，outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs，fromsemiskilledlabortosalesandmanagement，dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization: thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect，thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(緩沖) againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket，becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued. Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves，theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards，andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon’tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious，forexample，tendedtocriticizecoworkersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized，whichdamagedtheirrelationships. Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations，itcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising，opennesstowildideasandspontaneity(自發(fā)性) arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalance，however；withoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough，peoplebecomemeredreamers，withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.  答案精析語(yǔ)法練 Ⅰ.1.hasbecome　2.hadnoticed　3.worked　4.wasused5．bepaid　6.receiving　7.located　8.watching　9.toplay　10.blocked　11.using　12.buried　13.attracted14．checking　15.are　16.known Ⅱ. 17．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“If someone smokes，drinks，drops out of school and is overweight，it can be difficult to identify the impact of one specific unhealthy behavior.”可知，很難確定某種特定的不良行為對(duì)有著許多不良行為的人產(chǎn)生的影響。故選D。] 18．C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A rare mutation in a gene—APOE—linked to dementia reduced lifespan by 11 months.”可知，一種叫做APOE的基因?qū)勖挠绊懽畲?。故選C。] 19．C　[目的意圖題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“We hope to discover genes affecting lifespan to give us new information about ageing and construct treatment for ageing.”可知，Joshi博士研究的目的是為了讓人們更長(zhǎng)壽。故選C。] 20．A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“However，in order to follow people until the end of their lives，many of the people studied were born before 1940.”可知，研究人員主要研究1940年前出生的人是為了追蹤他們直到他們?nèi)ナ?。故選A。] Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　中國(guó)在古代曾經(jīng)以四大發(fā)明而自豪，本文講述今天中國(guó)正在以“新的四大發(fā)明”領(lǐng)先世界。新的四大發(fā)明是：高速鐵路、電子支付、共享自行車(chē)和網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物。 21．tochange　[考查不定式。句意為：中國(guó)，在古代以四大發(fā)明而自豪，今天它再次以它“新的四大發(fā)明”展示了其改變世界的能力。ability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”，故填to change。] 22．haveimproved　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently可推斷，此處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而且主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故填have improved。] 23．simply　[考查副詞。所填詞在這里作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞buy，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填simply。] 24．the　[考查冠詞。句意為：高速列車(chē)縮短了從北京到沿海城市天津的旅程，僅為半小時(shí)。此處特指“從北京到天津的旅程”，故填the。] 25．based　[考查過(guò)去分詞。句意為：它是基于衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、移動(dòng)支付和大數(shù)據(jù)的自行車(chē)共享運(yùn)營(yíng)模式，令全世界震驚?！?base) on satellite navigation(導(dǎo)航) system，mobile payment as well as big data”作定語(yǔ)，與被修飾詞model是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。故填based。] 26．that　[考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。該處為It is...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)了主語(yǔ)the operating model of bikesharing。故填that。] 27．to　[考查介詞。句意為：共享單車(chē)正在把自行車(chē)帶回人們的生活。bring...back to...“讓……重新回到……”是固定搭配。故填to。] 28．a(chǎn)ttractive　[考查形容詞。make后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，空格處是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)public transport，用形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。attract的形容詞是attractive。故填attractive。] 29．copying　[考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由下文的and可推斷，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞copy與下文的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is leading時(shí)態(tài)一致，空格前的is也說(shuō)明用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填copying。] 30．companies　[考查名詞。company “公司”是可數(shù)名詞，由a growing number of “越來(lái)越多的”修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)及空后的謂詞動(dòng)詞hope可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填companies。] Ⅳ.參考范文 Conscientiouspeoplehavealotincommon: theyarestrictwiththemselvesandhelpfultootherswhileatwork.Ontheonehand，conscientiousnesscontributestobetterjobperformancesespeciallyforthosewhoworkatlowerlevelsandthereforemeanslowerchanceofunemployment.Ontheotherhand，forlackofadequatesocialskillsandnovelideas，theirrelationshipwithcoworkerscanbeunpleasantandtheirworklesssatisfactory.