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Plastics and plastic industries Plastic parts in the industrial production has been able to widely used, because they themselves have decided a series of special benefits. 塑料密度小，質(zhì)量輕。 Plastic density, quality of light. 大多數(shù)塑料的密度在1.0-1.4 g/cm 之間。 The density of most plastics in 1.0-1.4 g / cm between. 塑料的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性高，，對(duì)酸，堿和許多化合物藥品都具有良好的耐腐蝕能力且塑料的減磨耐磨性能好，所以現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中許多齒輪，軸承和蜜蜂圈等機(jī)械零件開(kāi)始采用工程塑料制造。 Plastic, chemical stability, to acid, alkali, and many pharmaceutical compounds have good corrosion resistance and good wear resistance of plastics by grinding, so many of the modern industrial gears, bearings, rings and other mechanical parts and the bees began to use projects plastics manufacturing. 此外，塑料的減振和隔音性能也很好，許多塑料還具有透光性和絕熱性以及防水，放透氣和防輻射等特殊 性能，因此，塑料已成為各行各業(yè)不可缺少的一種重要的材料。 In addition, the plastic is also very good damping and sound insulation, and many plastics also have light and heat insulation and waterproof, breathable and radiation release and other special properties, therefore, plastic has become indispensable to all walks of life an important material. 塑料成型技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) The development trend of plastic molding technology 1. CAD/CAE/CAM 技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用CAD / CAE / CAM technology, rapid development and wide application 2. 各種模具新材料的研制和使用All kinds of mold development and use of new materials 3. 塑料制件的微型化，超大型化和Miniaturization of plastic parts, large and precision of 4. 模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)The standardization of mold The classification of many of the plastic mold, according to different methods of plastic molding parts can be divided into the following categories: 注射模 Injection mold 壓縮模具Compression mold 擠出模具Extrusion die 氣動(dòng)成型模具Pneumatic mold 除了上述介紹的幾類(lèi)常用的塑料成型模具外，還有泡沫塑料成型模具，澆鑄成型模具，滾塑（包括搪塑）成型模具，壓延成型模具以及聚四氟乙烯冷壓成型模具等 In addition to the introduction of several types of commonly used plastic mold, there are foam mold, casting mold, rotational molding (including slush) mold, cold rolling Teflon mold and mold, etc. ?? 塑件模具設(shè)計(jì) Plastic mold design 注 Injection mold set by the dynamic model and the model of two majorcomponents. 動(dòng)模安裝在注射機(jī)的動(dòng)模板上，定模安裝在注射機(jī)的定模板上。 Dynamic model installed in the moving platen on the injection machine, will installed in the injection mold machine fixed template. 注射前動(dòng)、定模在注射機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)下閉合，形成型腔和澆注系統(tǒng)，注射機(jī)將已塑化的塑料熔體通過(guò)澆注系統(tǒng)注入型腔，經(jīng)冷卻凝固后，動(dòng)、定模打開(kāi)，脫模機(jī)構(gòu)推出塑件。 Injection before the move, scheduled to die in the injection molding machine driven by the closure, the formation of cavity and gating system, plastics injection machine will have the plastic melt into the cavity through the casting system, the cooling and solidification, the move, scheduled to die open, stripping organizations to plastic parts. Injection mold can be composed of the following seven systems or institutions: 1. 成型零部件 Molding parts ? 一般有型腔、型芯、成型桿、鑲件等，在動(dòng) . 定模閉合后，成型零件便確定了塑件的內(nèi)外尺寸。 Generally cavity, core, forming rods, inserts, etc., in the move. Scheduled to die is closed, forming part of the plastic parts will determine the internal and external dimensions. 2. 導(dǎo)向定位機(jī)構(gòu) Guide positioning mechanism ? 為確保動(dòng)、定模閉合時(shí)能準(zhǔn)確導(dǎo)向和定位而設(shè)置的零件，一般由導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套構(gòu)成。 To ensure the move, scheduled to die is closed and accurate positioning and set-oriented parts, generally by the guide post, guide sleeve composition. 3. 澆注系統(tǒng) Gating system ? 由注射機(jī)噴嘴到型腔之間的進(jìn)料通道稱為澆注系統(tǒng)，一般由主流道、分流道、澆口和冷料穴組成。 Cavity by the injection machine nozzle to the feed channel between the gating system is called, generally from the main channel, diversion channel, composed of the gate and the cold slug. 4. 脫模機(jī)構(gòu) Stripping institutions ? 是指模具在開(kāi)模過(guò)程中或開(kāi)模后將塑件從模具中推出的機(jī)構(gòu)，一般由推桿、推桿固定板、推板、復(fù)位桿、拉料桿等組成。 Refers to the process of mold or mold plastic parts mold from the mold after the introduction of the institution, usually by the putter, putting the fixed plate, push plate, the reset lever, pulling rod and so on. 5. 側(cè)向分型與抽芯機(jī)構(gòu) Side parting and core pulling ? 成型帶有側(cè)孔或側(cè)凹的塑件，在塑件被推出之前，必須先側(cè)向分型并將側(cè)向型芯抽出。 Molding with a concave side holes or side plastic parts, plastic parts to be introduced in, you must first lateral side parting and core out. 6. 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng) Temperature control system ? 模具的冷卻一般采用循環(huán)水冷卻。 Commonly used mold cooling circulating water cooling. 模具的加熱可通入熱水、蒸汽、熱油或在模具中設(shè)置加熱元件。 Mold can pass into the hot water heating, steam, hot oil or heating element in the mold set. 7. 排氣系統(tǒng) Exhaust System ? 一般是在分型面開(kāi)設(shè)排氣槽或利用推桿、鑲件的配合間隙排氣。 Parting surface is generally set up in exhaust ducts or the use of push rod, with the gap exhaust inserts. Classification of Injection Mould 1. The overall structure of feature classification by mold ? （ 1 ）單分型面注射模 (1) single injection mold parting surface ? （ 2 ）雙分型面注射模 (2) Double Injection Mould Parting Surface ? （ 3 ）帶有側(cè)向分型與抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)的注射模 (3) with a side parting and core-pulling mechanism of the injection mold ? （ 4 ）帶有活動(dòng)成型零件的注射模 (4) with the activities forming part of the injection mold ? （ 5 ）機(jī)動(dòng)脫螺紋的注射模 (5) Motorized off the thread of the injection mold ? （ 6 ）無(wú)流道注射模 (6) No flow injection mold 2. According to the species classification of plastic ? （ 1 ）熱塑性塑料 (1) thermoplastic ? （ 2 ）橡膠改性材料如 TPR 、 TPE 的注射成型 (2) rubber modified materials such as TPR, TPE injection molding ? （ 3 ）低發(fā)泡注射成型 (3) Low foam injection molding ? （ 4 ）多種物料或多色的共注射成型 (4) a variety of common materials or multi-color injection molding 3. Classified by the volume of mold cavity 型腔容積達(dá) 3000cm 以上稱大型注射模、小于或等于 100cm 的注射模稱小型注射模、介于兩者之間為中型注Said cavity has a capacity of more than 3000cm large injection mold, less than or equal to 100cm of small injection mold injection mold, said, in between medium-sized injection mold. 4. 按制品的尺寸精度分類(lèi)4. According to the dimensional accuracy of classification of products ?? 精密注射模達(dá)到 IT8~IT9 級(jí)精度 Precision injection mold to IT8 ~ IT9 level accuracy . 分型面設(shè)計(jì) Parting Surface Design 1. 分型面按其位置與注射機(jī)開(kāi)模運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的關(guān)系來(lái)分類(lèi)有：分型面垂直于注射機(jī)開(kāi)模運(yùn)動(dòng)方向、平行于開(kāi)模運(yùn)動(dòng)方向、傾斜于開(kāi)模運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。 Parting injection molding machine according to their location and movement direction of the relationship between mold to classification: sub-surface perpendicular to the mold injection machine direction of movement, parallel to the direction of mold movement, tilting in the direction of mold movement. 2. 按分型面的形狀來(lái)分類(lèi)有：平面分型面、曲面分型面、階梯分型面和斜面分型面。 Surface by sub-classification of the shape: flat parting, parting surfaces, stepped parting surface and sub-surface slope. The choice of the mold parting surface design, mainly based on the structure of plastic parts, precision requirements, the gating system forms, Exhaust, mold release form and mold manufacturing technology and other factors, to fully consider and make a reasonable choice. 分型面的選擇設(shè)計(jì)合理與否，直接影響塑件質(zhì)量、模具結(jié)構(gòu)、模具使用可靠性和模具壽命等。 The choice of sub-surface design is reasonable or not, directly affects the quality of plastic parts, mold structure, die die life using the reliability and so on. 二 選擇分型面的設(shè)計(jì)原則 Choose the design principles of parting 選擇分型面的設(shè)計(jì)基本原則：分型面應(yīng)選擇在塑件斷面輪廓最大的位置，以便順利脫模。 Choose the parting of the basic principles of design: sub-surface plastic parts should be selected in the location of the largest cross-section profile for a smooth ejection. 還應(yīng)考慮以下因素： Should also consider the following factors: 1. 分型面的選擇應(yīng)便于塑件脫模并簡(jiǎn)化模具結(jié)構(gòu)The choice of sub-surface should be easy to mold plastic parts and simplify the structure of ejection ? 因此，應(yīng)盡可能使塑件在動(dòng)定模分離后留在動(dòng)模一側(cè)。 Therefore, as far as possible to mold plastic parts in the separation of moving and stationary dynamic model after the stay in the side. 2. 分型面的選擇應(yīng)考慮塑件的技術(shù)要求The choice of sub-surface plastic parts should be considered the technical requirements. 3. 分型面的選擇應(yīng)盡量選擇在不影響塑件外觀的位置，并使其產(chǎn)生的飛邊易于清理和休整The choice of sub-surface should be selected without affecting the location of the appearance of plastic parts, and the flash to produce easy to clean and recharge. 4. 分型面的選擇應(yīng)有利于排氣The choice of sub-surface should be conducive to the exhaust. 5. 分型面的選擇應(yīng)便于模具零件加工The choice of sub-surface should be easy to mold parts processing. 6. 分型面的選擇應(yīng)考慮注射機(jī)的技術(shù)參數(shù)Parting surface should be considered the choice of technical parameters of the injection machine. Cavity shunt arrangement if the arrangement according to the characteristics of layout can be divided into balanced and unbalanced layout. 若按分流道的布置形狀，可分為 O 形排列（輻射形排列）、 I 形排列、 H 形排列、 X 形排列和混合形排列等多種形式。 If the shunt arrangement according to the shape can be divided into O-shaped arrangement of (radiation-shaped arrangement), I-shaped arrangement, H-shaped arrangement, X-shaped arrangement and mixed-shaped arrangement of other means. O 形排列主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是分流道至各型腔的流程相等，屬于分流道的平衡布置，其缺點(diǎn)是不能充分利用模具有效面積，不便于熱交換系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。 O-shaped arrangement of the main advantages is the shunt flow is equal to the cavity, the balance belonging to shunt arrangement, the drawback is can not make full use of the effective area of the mold, not easy to heat exchange system. ???? 分流道的平衡式布置 I 、 H 形排列缺點(diǎn)是在多模具型腔中，因流道轉(zhuǎn)彎較多，其分流道的流程較長(zhǎng)，熱量損失較多，壓力損失較大。 Shunt balanced arrangement of I, H-shaped arrangement of defects in multi-cavity mold, due to higher flow turning, the shunt flow is longer, more heat loss, the pressure losses. 因此比較適合于 PE 、 PP 、 PA 等流動(dòng)性較好的塑料。 Therefore more suitable for PE, PP, PA and other good fluidity of plastic. ???? 分流道的非平衡式布置I、H形排列其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是型腔排列緊湊，分流道設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)單，便于冷卻系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)安排。 Shunt unbalanced arrangement of I, H-shaped arrangement of its advantages is arranged in a compact cavity, shunt design is simple, easy to arrange the cooling system design. 缺點(diǎn)是澆口必須進(jìn)行適當(dāng)修正。 Disadvantage is that the gate must be properly amended. Die Casting Design Gating system: that is ejected from the injection machine nozzle into the cavity of the plastic flow path. 作用：使塑料熔體平穩(wěn)有序地填充型腔，并在填充和凝固過(guò)程中把注射壓力充分傳遞到各個(gè)部分，以獲得組織緊密的塑件。 Role: to make a smooth and orderly melt plastic cavity filling and filling and solidification process of the injection pressure to various parts of the full pass to get the organization closer plastic parts. 分類(lèi)： Category: Common gating system: cold runner ?無(wú)流道凝料澆注系統(tǒng)：熱流道、絕熱No coagulation casting material flow system: hot runner, hot runner must. Gating system components: the main runner, sub-runner and gate. 主流道 : 從注塑機(jī)噴嘴開(kāi)始到分流道為止的塑料熔體的流動(dòng)通道 . Sprue: the nozzle from the injection molding machine until the beginning to the shunt flow of plastic melt channel. 1. Main channel of the most common form: a. (a). 定模部分由整體構(gòu)成的最簡(jiǎn)單的主流道形式 , 這種形式常常用于簡(jiǎn)易模具 . (a). scheduled to die in part by the overall composition of the main channel of the most simple form, which is often used for simple mold. b. (b). 如果定模部分是由兩塊模板組成 , 而主流道又是主模板直接加工而成為避免錯(cuò)誤而流道中塑料脫不出的現(xiàn)象和簡(jiǎn)化加工精度 , 應(yīng)在兩部分結(jié)合處設(shè)有最小 0.1MM 小臺(tái)階 . (b). If the fixed mold part formed by the two templates, and main channel is directly processed to become the main template to avoid the error could not flow off the phenomenon of plastic and simplify processing accuracy, should be the junction of two parts small steps with the minimum 0.1MM. ?. 目前最普遍的主流道結(jié)構(gòu)是以澆口套的形式鑲?cè)肽０逯羞m用于所有注塑模具 . （c）. The most common gate structure is the main channel in the form of sets of inserts into the template that are applied to injection mold. 2. Main channel of the relevant parameters · 主流道的基本尺寸的確定與成型制品的塑料的種類(lèi)制品質(zhì)量和壁厚有關(guān) Main channel of the basic size and shape to determine the types of products, plastic products, quality and thickness of about · 流動(dòng)性差的材料主流道要大些 . Poor mobility of the material to be bigger sprue. · 流動(dòng)性好的材料主流道要小些 . Main channel flow and good material to be smaller. 3. Main channel of the relevant considerations 主流道應(yīng)保持光滑的表面 , 避免留有影響塑料流動(dòng)的尖角或毛刺等 , 而且在主流道末端設(shè)置冷置井以防止制品中出現(xiàn)固化的冷料影響制品質(zhì)量 . Sprue should maintain a smooth surface to avoid leaving sharp corners of plastic flow, or burrs, etc., but cold in the sprue end of the set to prevent the products in the home appeared well cold curing material affecting the product quality. 為防止塑料機(jī)噴嘴與澆口套接觸處有間隙而產(chǎn)生溢料 , 澆口套的球狀半徑大約 2-5MM, 主流道的小端尺寸應(yīng)比噴咀尺寸精大 , 這樣可以噴嘴與澆口套容易對(duì)位 , 主流道應(yīng)設(shè) 2-4 度的脫模斜度 , 但不能過(guò)大 , 否則注塑時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)旋窩或流速慢 . To prevent the plastic nozzles with a gap at the gate sets of contacts arising from excess material, the gate sets of spherical radius of about 2-5MM, main channel of the small end of size should be large than the fine nozzle size, nozzle and the gate can be set so that easy to position, main channel should be set 2-4 degrees of stripping slope, but not too large, otherwise the spin injection occurs when the nest or flow slowly. 4.sprue designs use horizontal or vertical injection machine mold, the main channel perpendicular to the parting surface. 其設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)如下： The design elements are as follows: 1)主流道一般設(shè)計(jì)成圓錐形，其錐角一般為2°～4°，流動(dòng)性差的可取3°～6°，便于將冷凝料從主流道中拔出General design into conical sprue, the cone angle is generally 2 ° ~ 4 °, illiquid preferred 3 ° ~ 6 °, to facilitate the condensing material pulled out from the main road. 內(nèi)壁表面粗糙度為 R a 0.63 μm。 Internal surface roughness of R a 0.63 μm. 2)為保證主流道與注射機(jī)噴嘴緊密接觸，防止漏料，一般主流道與噴嘴對(duì)接處作成球面凹坑，其半徑R 2 =R 1 +（1～2）mm,其小端直徑d 1 =d 2 +(0.5～1)mm。 Main channel to ensure close contact with the injection machine nozzle to prevent leakage, usually docking at the main channel and nozzle made ??spherical pits, its radius R 2 = R 1 + (1 ~ 2) mm, its small end diameter d 1 = d 2 + (0.5 ~ 1) mm. 凹坑深度取h=3～5mm. Pit depth to take h = 3 ~ 5mm. 3)為減少熔體充模時(shí)的壓力損失和塑料損耗，應(yīng)盡量縮短主流道的長(zhǎng)度，一般主流道的長(zhǎng)度控制在60㎜內(nèi)。 To reduce the melt filling pressure loss and plastic when the loss, should try to shorten the length of main channel, the general control of the mainstream channels of 60 mm in length. 4)由于主流道與高溫塑料熔體及注射機(jī)噴嘴反復(fù)接觸和碰撞，所以常將主流道設(shè)計(jì)成可拆卸的主流道襯套（澆口套），常用T8或T10鋼材制作，并淬火處理到洛式硬度50～55HRC。 The main channel and high-temperature plastic injection machine nozzle melt and repeated contact and collision, so often designed to be removable sprue sprue bushing (gate sets), common T8 or T10 steel production, and hardened to Rockwell hardness 50 ~ 55HRC. Shunt: from the main channel to the gate until the end of the beginning of plastic melt flow channel, which is the main channel and the gate between the feed channel. 常見(jiàn)的分流載面 . ( 如下圖 ) Common shunt load surface. (Below) 1. Circular cross-section diameter D shunt generally range from 2 to 12 changes. 對(duì)流動(dòng)性很好的材料，當(dāng)分流道很短時(shí)，其直徑可小到 2MM ，對(duì)流動(dòng)性很差的材料，直徑可達(dá)到 12MM 。 On the flow of very good material, when the shunt is very short, its diameter can be as small 2MM, poor mobility of the material on the diameter of up to 12MM. 實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，對(duì)多數(shù)材料來(lái)說(shuō)，分流道直徑在 5~6MM 以下時(shí)，對(duì)流動(dòng)性影響較大，但直徑在 8MM 以上時(shí)，再增大其直徑，對(duì)流動(dòng)性的影響則不大。 Experiments show that, for most materials, the shunt diameter, 5 ~ 6MM below, a greater impact on liquidity, but more in diameter, 8MM, and then increase its diameter, the impact on liquidity is not great. 梯形斷面分流道的斷面高度 H= （ 2/3 ） B ，斜度常取 5~10 度，底部圓角為 r=1~3MM ，分流道寬度 B 常在 4~12MM 范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)2. Trapezoidal cross-section shunt height H = (2 / 3) B, slope often take 5 to 10 degrees, the bottom corner for the r = 1 ~ 3MM, diversion channel width, B often changes within 4 ~ 12MM Shunt hexagonal cross section, H = 0. 433B (B for the circumcircle diameter D). 1. 主流道最常見(jiàn)的形式 : 2. 主流道的有關(guān)參數(shù) 3. 主流道的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)4 主流道設(shè)計(jì) 在臥式或立式注射機(jī)使用的模具中，主流道垂直于分型面。分流道 : 從主流道末端開(kāi)始到澆口為止的塑料溶體的流動(dòng)通道，它是主流道與澆口之間的進(jìn)料通道 . 分流道截面形狀 一般有圓形、梯形、U形、半圓形和矩形等Shunt generally circular section shape, trapezoidal, U-shaped, semi-circular and rectangular and so on. 為使塑料熔體能在流道壁形成凝固層，常將分流道的表面加工的比較粗糙，一般取Ra1.25～2.5μm，以加大對(duì)外層塑料熔體的流動(dòng)阻力，使外層塑料凝固層固定。 To make plastic melt flow channel wall in the formation of solidified layer, often the shunt rough surface finish, and generally Ra1.25 ~ 2.5μm, in order to increase the flow of external layer of plastic melt resistance, so that the outer plastic solidification layer fixed. 分流道的截面尺寸 可根據(jù)塑件的尺寸、塑料品種、注射速率、及分流道的長(zhǎng)度而定。 Section size of shunt according to the size of plastic parts, plastic variety, injection rate, and the length of the shunt. 可用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算如下： Empirical formula can be calculated as follows: D = 0.2654G 1 / 2 L 1 / 4 Gate, also known as the material inlet and the cavity is connected shunt channel, the entrance of resin into the cavity. 它是澆注系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部分。 It is a key part of the gating system. 澆口的只要作用是：型腔充滿后，熔體在澆口處凝結(jié)，防止倒流；還能使?jié)部诘奈擦弦子谇谐?Gate as long as the role is: cavity filled, the melt condensation at the gate to prevent backflow; also allow easy removal of the gate of the tailings. 模具設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，澆口的位置及尺寸要求比較嚴(yán)格，初步試模后還需進(jìn)一步修改尺寸，無(wú)論采用何種澆口，其開(kāi)設(shè)位置對(duì)塑件成型性能及質(zhì)量影響很大。 Mold design, gate location and size requirements more stringent, after the initial test mode needs further modify the size, no matter what kind of gate, the open position on the plastic molding of a great performance and quality. 因此，合理選擇澆口的開(kāi)設(shè)位置是提高質(zhì)量的重要環(huán)節(jié)，同時(shí)澆口位置的不同還影響模具結(jié)構(gòu)，總之 , 要使塑件具有良好的性能與外表，一定要認(rèn)真考慮澆口位置的選擇，通常要考慮以下幾項(xiàng)原則： Therefore, a reasonable choice to open the gate location is an important part of improving quality, while also affect the different location of the gate mold structure, in short, to make plastic parts with good performance and appearance, we must seriously consider the choice of gate location, usually consider the following principles: A．A. 盡量縮短流道距離 Distance minimize flow; B．B. 澆口應(yīng)開(kāi)設(shè)在塑件壁厚最大處 Gate should be opened at the maximum wall thickness of plastic parts; C．C. 必須盡量減少熔接痕 Weld must be minimized; D．D. 應(yīng)有利于型腔中氣體的排出 Should be conducive to the discharge of gas in the cavity; E．E. 考慮分子定向影響 Consider the impact of molecular orientation; F．F. 避免產(chǎn)生噴射和蠕動(dòng) Avoid injection and peristalsis; G．G. 澆口處避免彎曲和沖擊載荷 The gate to avoid bending and impact loads; H. 澆口對(duì)外觀質(zhì)量的影響 Gate the impact on the appearance quality. This example uses a side gate (Die Flow Channel of the end closest to the mold cavity of the narrow part of the (much smaller than the average channel diameter), plastic or alloy flows through this small hole into the cavity for a very small, to the ejection time can be easily separated 根據(jù)塑件結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)將頂桿設(shè)置在塑件對(duì)型芯包覆較緊處。 According to the structure of plastic parts, plastic parts should be set mandril core coated on tight place. 即可在每個(gè)產(chǎn)品上設(shè)置直徑為 6mm 的四根頂桿，直徑為 4mm 的四根頂桿，成對(duì)稱性分布。 Can be set for each product of the four 6mm diameter mandrel, the four 4mm diameter mandrel, into a symmetrical distribution. 因塑件上存在扣位，則需用兩個(gè)斜頂。 Deduction due to the existence of plastic bits, you need to use two slant. 其形狀如下圖所示： Parietal high and low temperature injection mold a few of its efficiency and uniformity on forming a great influence on the quality of products, generally melt the plastic into the mold temperature is 200 ~ 300 ℃, while the plastic parts removed from the mold after curing temperature of 60 ~ 80 ℃ the following, depending on the different varieties of plastic is very different. 為了調(diào)節(jié)型腔的溫度，需在模具內(nèi)開(kāi)設(shè)冷卻水道，通過(guò)冷卻介質(zhì)達(dá)到冷卻的目的。 In order to adjust the cavity temperature to be set up in the mold cooling water through the cooling medium to achieve the purpose of cooling. 冷卻裝置設(shè)計(jì)要求 Cooling system design requirements （ 1 ）水孔數(shù)量越多越均勻 (1) The more water the more uniform pore 特點(diǎn)：變形小，內(nèi)應(yīng)力小，尺寸精度易保證 Features: small deformation, internal stress, dimensional accuracy and easy to ensure （ 2 ）冷卻水孔與型腔表面各處最好距離相等 (2) cooling water around the hole and the cavity surface, equidistant from the best 特點(diǎn)：塑件不易變形 Features: Plastic deformation is not easy （ 3 ）塑件局部較厚處 加設(shè)冷卻 (3) thick plastic parts at an additional local cooling. 模架及其他機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) Mold design and other agencies Mold design process of standard mold of the type used not only to the size of plastic parts, plastic parts, but also with the way the shape and molding, plastic parts which are used to determine the selection of small and medium size standard mold or large standard mode frame, the shape and molding plastic parts used to determine the standard way is the type of mold. 模具設(shè)計(jì)總體概述 一 注射?？捎梢韵缕邆€(gè)系統(tǒng)或 二 注射模分類(lèi) 1. 按模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)特征分類(lèi) 2. 按塑料的品種分類(lèi) 3. 按模具型腔的容積分類(lèi) 一 模具分型面的選擇設(shè)計(jì)，主要是根據(jù)塑件的結(jié)構(gòu)、精度要求、澆注系統(tǒng)形式、排氣方式、脫模形式及模具的制造工藝等各種因素，進(jìn)行全面考慮，作出合理選擇。 ? 型腔布置與設(shè)計(jì) ???? 型腔的布置若按分流道的布置特點(diǎn)，可分為平衡式布置和非平衡式布置。模具澆注系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) · 澆注系統(tǒng)：指由注射機(jī)噴嘴中噴出的塑料進(jìn)入型腔的流動(dòng)通道。 澆注系統(tǒng)組成：主澆道、分澆道、澆口。 D=0.2654G 1/2 L 1/4 澆口又稱為進(jìn)料口，是連接分流道與型腔的通道，是樹(shù)脂注入型腔的入口。 H． 本例采用的是側(cè)澆口（模具中流道的末端，最接近模具型腔的窄小部分（遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于流道平均直徑），塑料或合金流通過(guò)這個(gè)小孔進(jìn)入型腔一段很細(xì)，到脫模的時(shí)候可以很方便的分離 模具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中所選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架的類(lèi)型不僅涉及到塑件的大小，而且還與塑件的形狀及成型方式有關(guān)，其中塑件的大小是用來(lái)確定選用中小型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架還是大型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架，塑料件的形狀及成型方式是用來(lái)確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架的類(lèi)型 。