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Unit 4 Helping people around the world 一、閱讀理解。 The American travel website pany TripAdvisor publishes a list of the worlds best beaches every year.Today，we are going to explore some of this years top 10 beaches in the world. 1．Baia do Sancho，Brazil It is named as this years best beach in the world.Its water is calm and clear.Its sand is fine and soft.But getting to Baia do Sancho is not so easy.It is on Fernando de Noronha，a volcanic island more than 300 kilometers off Brazils coast.Travelers must take a plane or boat from major cities in northern Brazil to get there.And no more than 420 visitors can be on the island at one time. 2．Grace Bay，Turks and Caicos While Baia do Sancho is difficult to get to，TripAdvisors secondranked beach could not be much easier for tourists to reach. This beach has impossibly clean and clear waters and pure white sand.Its calm waters make it extremely safe for swimming，snorkeling，or simply floating.Once on land，many visitors enjoy walking—barefoot—for several kilometers on the soft，warm sand. 3．Eagle Beach，Aruba To get to the thirdbest beach，we head south to the Dutch Caribbean island of Aruba.Like Grace Bay，Eagle Beach has clear，calm waters and soft white sand. It offers visitors a chance to try different water sports，including tubing and jet skiing.Eagle Beach may be best known，however，for its dramatic sunsets.On clear nights，the sky turns red，orange，and purple. 4．Playa Paraiso，Cuba The fourthbest beach is Playa Paraiso，an island off Cubas southern coast.It has a fun，laidback restaurant for those who wish to eat and drink.There is little else on the beach.And that is exactly what visitors like about it.People e here for the sugarlike sand and calm waters filled with colorful wildlife. 1．Which of the following is true about Baia do Sancho? A．It receives thousands of visitors each time. B．It can only be visited by plane. C．It is near the Brazils coast. D．It is hard to reach. 2．Where can visitors go if they want to enjoy the beauty of the sinking sun? A．Baia do Sancho，Brazil. B．Grace Bay，Turks and Caicos. C．Eagle Beach，Aruba. D．Playa Paraiso，Cuba. 3．What can visitors mainly do on Playa Paraiso，Cuba? A．Go boating. B．Have a relaxing dinner. C．Admire colorful sand. D．Try different water sports. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。美國(guó)一家旅游網(wǎng)站介紹了四個(gè)年度世界排名前四的海灘。 【難句分析】People e here for the sugarlike sand and calm waters filled with colorful wildlife. 分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)filled with colorful wildlife作waters的后置定語(yǔ)。 譯文：人們?yōu)榱讼裆疤且粯拥纳匙雍统錆M豐富多彩的野生動(dòng)植物的平靜的水域而來(lái)到這里。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Baia do Sancho”及第二段中的“But getting to Baia do Sancho is not so easy... Travelers must take a plane or boat from major cities in northern Brazil to get there”可知，Baia do Sancho比較難到達(dá)，所以選D。 2．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的“Eagle Beach may be best known，however, for its dramatic sunsets”可知，Eagle Beach有令人印象深刻的日落，與題干的“enjoy the beauty of the sinking sun”所表達(dá)的意思相一致，所以選C。 3．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段句子“It has a fun，laidback restaurant for those who wish to eat and drink”可知，在Playa Paraiso能夠享用令人放松的晚餐，所以選B。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1.It is urgent that immediate measures _______ should be taken to stop the situation. A. are taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. should take 【答案】C 【解析】It is urgent that...(should) do...； “措施被采取”用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：很緊迫的是,應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展. 2.If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legal action. A. do nothing but to take B. have no alternative but take C. have no choice but to take D. have nothing to do but to take 【答案】B 【解析】have no alternative but to do=have no choice but to do sth.“ 除……外別無(wú)選擇” ，符合題意。句意：如果在本月底我們?nèi)晕词盏截浛?，我們別無(wú)選擇，只能采取法律行動(dòng)。 3._______ the instant message servicer—WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday munication. A. In need of B. By means of C. In place of D. On behalf of 【答案】B 【解析】by means of “借助于”，符合句意。in need of 需要；in place of 代替，取代；on behalf of 代表。句意：借助于即時(shí)消息服務(wù)商——微信，我們可以和朋友們保持聯(lián)系，進(jìn)行日常交流。 4.China has made a _______ to do all she can to help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia. A. devotion B. mitment C. allowance D. bination 【答案】B 【解析】make a mitment 作出承諾；devotion 忠心，獻(xiàn)身；allowance 津貼，補(bǔ)助；bination 聯(lián)合。句意：中國(guó)作出承諾竭盡全力幫助亞洲受海嘯襲擊的地區(qū)。 5.The _______ hills around remind the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment. A. blank B. bare C. vacant D. empty 【答案】B 【解析】blank 空白的；bare 赤裸的，光禿的；vacant 空著的，未被占用的；empty 空的；沒人居住的。 句意：周圍光禿的山提醒村民們保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。 6.Sam began to do his homework without numerous _______ or a major search through his crowded backpack. A. occasions B. reminders C. rules D. suggestions 【答案】B 【解析】occasion 時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)；reminder 暗示，提醒；rule 規(guī)則；suggestion 建議。句意：不需要多提醒，也不用在塞滿東西的背包找半天作業(yè)本，薩姆就開始做起了作業(yè)。 7.For a temporary or long storage of the product, please make _______ to the storage section indications. A. difference B. conclusion C. reference D. decision 【答案】B 【解析】make (a) reference to 參閱，談到。句意：對(duì)于產(chǎn)品的臨時(shí)儲(chǔ)存和長(zhǎng)期儲(chǔ)存，請(qǐng)參閱儲(chǔ)存說(shuō)明。 8.To improve spoken English, Lucy _______ at least one hour each day to recite English texts. A. sets off B. sets aside C. sets down D. sets out 【答案】B 【解析】sets off 送行；sets aside 留出；sets down 寫下；sets out 開始。句意：為了提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，露西每天留出一小時(shí)的時(shí)間來(lái)背誦英語(yǔ)課文。 9.With the night falling, the crowd gathering around the accident scene began to _______. A. break up B. break down C. break out D. break away 【答案】A 【解析】句意：隨著夜幕降臨，聚集在事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的人群開始散去。break up 散(會(huì))，解散，(人群)散開，破碎；break down 出毛病，失靈，分解，感情失控；break out 爆發(fā)；break away 逃脫。 10._______ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know. A. There used to B. That need not to C. There happened to D. There is no need to 【答案】A 【解析】There is no need to do 沒有必要做某事。句意：現(xiàn)在沒必要就給我答復(fù)。思考一下，然后告訴我。 11.Today acupuncture, the art of “magic needles”, has bee popular round the world, _______ have other traditional Chinese medicines. A. so B. as C. that D. which 【答案】B 【解析】as 表示像……一樣，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as 在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代前面所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。句意：今天針灸已經(jīng)在世界上受到廣泛的歡迎，像其它中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)一樣。 12.Susan made _______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 【答案】C 【解析】本句中的 it 是一個(gè)形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的賓語(yǔ)從句 that she wished to make a new life for herself.句意：蘇珊向我說(shuō)清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。英語(yǔ)中能夠作為形式賓語(yǔ)的只有 it。故C 正確。 13.She would be much healthier now _______ with that much pressure from work when young. A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdened C. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù) when young 可知，從句是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)，由 now 可知主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)，而在if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，如果從句中含有 had、were 或者 should，可以將 if 省略，然后將 had、were 或者 should 提前，構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣句的倒裝。句意：如果不是她年輕時(shí)工作壓力過(guò)大，她現(xiàn)在就會(huì)更加健康了。 14.If you had listened to me, we _______ at the party. Move over. I’ll drive. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 【答案】C 【解析】句意：要是當(dāng)初你聽我的，那么我們現(xiàn)在就在聚會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)了。你挪過(guò)去，我來(lái)開車。if 從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而本空表示與現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè)，說(shuō)話人此時(shí)還在路上，因此用與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 15.—Thank God! The accident was avoided after all. —That was lucky, but ten inches nearer the two cars _______? A. was destroyed B. would be destroyed C. would have been destroyed D. had been destroyed 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù) The accident was avoided after all.可知兩輛車被毀了是不真實(shí)的，這里的 ten inches nearer 是遺憾的虛擬條件， 相當(dāng)于： If they had been ten inches nearer， 因?yàn)槭菍?duì)過(guò)去的事情的虛擬， 用 would have done。句意：“謝天謝地，事故畢竟被避免了?！薄澳鞘呛苄疫\(yùn)的，但是再近 10 英寸，兩輛車就被毀了?！? 16.—I didn’t see you at the concert last week. What a pity! —If only I _______ the time. A. afford B. afforded C. had afforded D. would afford 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“很遺憾！上周的音樂會(huì)上沒有看到你。”“如果我抽得出時(shí)間就好了。”從第一句話看出答話者沒有去聽音樂會(huì)，根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知，此處是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，因此選 C。 17.I could have finished my self-reflection last weekend, but the math classes and exercises _______ all my spare time. A. take up B. had taken up C. took up D. had been taking up 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我本可以在上周末就完成反思整理工作的，但數(shù)學(xué)課和練習(xí)占據(jù)了我所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間。從句為含蓄條件句，but 構(gòu)成并列句，以真實(shí)的情況表示隱含的虛擬條件。 18.Without the leadership of our Party and our Government, we _______ these splendid results. A. haven’t achieved B. wouldn’t have achieved C. shouldn’t achieve D. would not achieve 【答案】B 【解析】本題是一個(gè)使用 without 的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，根據(jù)句意可知是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，所以主句用would have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果沒有我們黨和政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，我們就不會(huì)取得這些輝煌的成就。 19.—What happened to the young trees we planted last week? —The trees _______ well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. must have grown C. would have grown D. would grow 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù) but 后的分句可知空格處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，補(bǔ)全原句為：If I had watered them, the trees would have grown well， but I didnt water them.句意： “我們上周種的小樹怎么了？” “ (如果我澆水的話)那些樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得很好，但是我沒澆水。 ” 20.The young man insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ free. A. did, set B. had done, should be set C. do, be set D. had done, must be set 【答案】B 【解析】insist 后面跟從句，如果從句中的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)存在，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如果從句中的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：那個(gè)年輕人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)她沒有做錯(cuò)什么事，并堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該獲得釋放。 21.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, _______ themselves. A. expanding B. stretching C. prolonging D. extending 【答案】B 【解析】expand 擴(kuò)張，使膨脹，詳述；stretch 伸展，張開；stretch oneself 伸懶腰，伸展身體， prolong拖延，延長(zhǎng)；extend 延伸，擴(kuò)大，伸出。句意：做完了上午的工作，職員們站在桌子后面伸懶腰。 22.Chinese laws say employees may not work more than 8 hours a day but permit work hours to be _______ in some cases, where employers must be sure the workers do not bee tired. A. expanded B. enlarged C. extended D. exploited 【答案】C 【解析】expand 擴(kuò)張；enlarge 擴(kuò)大，放大；extend 延長(zhǎng)，伸展；exploit 開拓，剝削，開采。句意：中國(guó)法律規(guī)定員工每天工作時(shí)間可以不超過(guò) 8 小時(shí)，但是法律允許在某些情況下延長(zhǎng)工作時(shí)間，在此類情況下雇主必須確保工人不會(huì)感到勞累。 三、完形填空。 Kobe Bryant, a super basketball star, announced that he would retire at the end of the 2015－16 season via a letter poem. In the letter, he __1__ the moment he started rolling his dad’s tube socks and shooting __2__ game-winning shots, indicating his deep love for basketball. “This season is all I have left to give,” the 37-year-old wrote, “My heart can take the pounding. My mind can __3__ the grind(苦差)but my __4__ knows it’s time to say goodbye.” As the only son of Joe Bryant, a former NBA player, Bryant was crazy about basketball and started __5__ in at 6, and his favorite team growing up was the Lakers. Bryant earned national __6__ during an amazing high school career and his basketball skills would have ensured __7__ to any college he chose, but he decided to go directly into the NBA. He finally made it and was __8__ out of high school in 1996 and was then traded to the Lakers, for which he has played his entire career. __9__, Bryant played limited minutes, but as the season continued, he began to see some more playing time and in his second season, he began to show more of his abilities as a talented young guard. The 1998－99 season __10__ Bryant’s appearance as a premier guard in the league. __11__, even at an early stage of his career, sportswriters were paring his skills to those of Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson. There are always different interpretations of Bryant, making him the most __12__ figure in modern sports, a bination of hero and villain(反面人物). He received criticism for getting his __13__ in the games, pletely neglecting his teammates; he was suspended __14__ deliberately breaking rules; he was even charged by the court with sex assault. __15__, with 17 NBA All-Star selections, five NBA championships with the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, Kobe has brought his fans __16__ memories. His best days are long __17__ him indeed, but the way he approaches the game as well as life is always glamorous. We’ve always known, and __18__ are mentally prepared, that one day Kobe Bryant will not be __19__. Yet his retirement note still caught us off guard. It simply __20__ when farewell words are uttered(說(shuō)出)from one of the all-time greats in basketball. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：文章主要講述科比退役一事，并由此介紹了科比的詳細(xì)情況。 1.A. remembered B. recalled C. recorded D. retold 【答案】B 【解析】recall意為“回憶”，符合語(yǔ)境，即指他回憶當(dāng)年的情況。 2.A. imaginary B. original C. practical D. contemporary 【答案】A 【解析】imaginary想象的；original原始的，原有的；practical實(shí)際的；contemporary現(xiàn)代的，當(dāng)代的，同一時(shí)代的。根據(jù)該空前面的“rolling his Dad’s tube socks and shooting”可知，他當(dāng)年是用他爸爸的圓筒短襪當(dāng)球打的，所以只能算是想象中的比賽。 3.A. treat B. operate C. pete D. handle 【答案】D 【解析】handle意為“處理；應(yīng)付”，符合語(yǔ)境，即“我”的思想上可以受得了這種苦差。 4.A. coach B. soul C. body D. teammates 【答案】C 【解析】body與前面的mind相對(duì)應(yīng)，即思想上承受得了這個(gè)苦差，但是身體上承受不了，要退役了。 5.A. involving B. diving C. participating D. throwing 【答案】B 【解析】dive in為固定搭配，意為“開始(從事)”，符合語(yǔ)境，即他從6歲開始打球。 6.A. confirmation B. recognition C. realization D. remendation 【答案】B 7.A. permission B. occupation C. admission D. submission 【答案】C 【解析】admission在這里意為“錄取”，即憑借他籃球方面的技能，他可以被任何一所他所選擇的大學(xué)錄取。 8.A. drafted B. removed C. substituted D. employed 【答案】A 【解析】draft本義為“征募”，在這里表示“被選中”，符合語(yǔ)境，即他被NBA選中。 9.A. Previously B. Frequently C. Basically D. Initially 【答案】D 【解析】initially意為“開始；最初”。起初，Bryant鍛煉有限的時(shí)間，后來(lái)慢慢增加練習(xí)時(shí)間。previously 先前地；frequently 頻繁地，經(jīng)常地；basically基本地。 10.A. represented B. symbolized C. marked D. reflected 【答案】C 【解析】mark...as...為固定搭配，意為“把……標(biāo)志為……”，符合語(yǔ)境，即1998~1999年是Bryant事業(yè)突飛猛進(jìn)的時(shí)期。 11.A. In addition B. In fact C. Therefore D. Then 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，用in fact承接。事實(shí)上，早在他的事業(yè)剛起步時(shí)，有關(guān)報(bào)道者便將他的技巧與喬丹等相提并論了。 12.A. outstanding B. ridiculous C. controversial D. honourable 【答案】C 【解析】outstanding杰出的；ridiculous可笑的；controversial有爭(zhēng)議的；authentic真實(shí)的。根據(jù)后半句中的“a bination of hero and villain”可知，他是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的人物，因此選C。 13.A. way B. scores C. manner D. benefit 【答案】A 【解析】get one’s way為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“隨心所欲”，符合語(yǔ)境，即批評(píng)他打球沒有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神，隨心所欲、單打獨(dú)斗。 14.A. in response to B. in terms of C. on account of D. in the absence of 【答案】C 【解析】on account of意為“因?yàn)椤?，符合語(yǔ)境，即他因?yàn)楣室膺`規(guī)而被停賽。 15.A. Instead B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. However 【答案】D 16.A. boring B. disappointing C. shocking D. thrilling 【答案】D 【解析】boring枯燥無(wú)味的；disappointing令人失望的；shocking令人震驚的；thrilling刺激的，令人激動(dòng)的。根據(jù)上下文可知，D項(xiàng)正確，即科比總給他的粉絲激動(dòng)的感覺。 17.A. above B. before C. behind D. beyond 【答案】C 【解析】他的輝煌已成過(guò)去。 18.A. more or less B. sooner or later C. now and then D. by and by 【答案】A 【解析】more or less意為“或多或少地”，符合語(yǔ)境。我們或多或少地在思想上做好了準(zhǔn)備。sooner or later 遲早；now and then不時(shí)地；by and by不久以后。 19.A. around B. here C. there D. about 【答案】A 20.A. works B. hurts C. suffers D. separates 【答案】B 【解析】當(dāng)科比說(shuō)再見時(shí)，大家會(huì)感到心痛。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)正確。 四、七選五。 Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person Life is a constant exercise in selfimprovement.In the rush to achieve, the idea of being “better” can bee lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way. 1. Explore your talents. Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So it’s often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you. 2． For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what you’ll enjoy. 3． No matter how much money you make, you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.It’s important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy. If you’re particularly unhappy at your job, consider why.4. If you feel your job isn’t meaningful, or isn’t in line with your values, consider finding another job. Experience something new. Research has shown that when we’re in our fort zone, we aren’t as productive as we are when we step just beyond it.5. Because of that, we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.It’s important to have new experiences and interactions with others, even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more. A．Do what you love. B．Here are some tips for you. C．Register in a class you’re interested in. D．Human adapt very quickly to positive events. E．It’s possible that some changes may change your feeling. F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities. G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　人生就是不斷自我提升的過(guò)程，有時(shí)我們急于取得成功，卻迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己給出了一些建議。 1．B　解析：上文提到你可能想知道如何用更簡(jiǎn)單的方式提升自己，下文則給出了一些建議。由此可知，設(shè)空處承上啟下。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 2．F　解析：本段最后一句提到，判斷你喜歡跟誰(shuí)在一起有助于你了解自己喜歡什么。由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．A　解析：本題考查標(biāo)題句。根據(jù)該標(biāo)題下的“It’s important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.”可知，花時(shí)間做自己喜歡的事很重要。由此可知，A項(xiàng)(做你喜歡的事)符合語(yǔ)境。 4．E　解析：上文提出如果特別不喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作，考慮一下原因，下文則提出考慮換一份工作。由此可知，E項(xiàng)(有時(shí)候作出一些改變也可以改變你的心情)符合語(yǔ)境。 5．D　解析：本段的主題是體驗(yàn)新事物?？崭窈笳f(shuō)，正因?yàn)槿绱?，我們可能?duì)自己的積極的經(jīng)歷反應(yīng)遲鈍。D項(xiàng)(人類對(duì)積極的事件適應(yīng)很快)正好解釋了下文的現(xiàn)象。故選D項(xiàng)。