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第二部分重要語法 構詞法包括派生法 轉化法和合成法 懂得構詞法 對擴大詞匯量 掃清閱讀中的障礙都非常有益 但在語法填空中方便考的只能是派生法 詞語派生是語法填空的必考點 這一考點涉及句子結構分析 充當各種成分的典型詞類 構詞法特別是派生法等多個知識點 是綜合性較強的一道題 構詞法 請做下列高考真題 1 2013 Thatwouldbeavery reason thingtodoinabigcity 思路點撥 reasonable在名詞前作定語要用形容詞 真題再練 2 2013 Butsuchasmallthingcouldn t possible destroyavillage 思路點撥 possibly修飾謂語動詞destroy作狀語 用副詞 注意 以 ble接尾的形容詞 其副詞形式通常是將ble改為bly 3 2012 ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary Maryfelt please becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn ther 思路點撥 pleased在系動詞felt后作表語 用形容詞 表示 高興的 4 2011 Hemustbe mental disabled 思路點撥 mentally修飾分詞形容詞作狀語 用副詞 5 2010 Histeachertookadeepdrink smiled warm andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater 思路點撥 warmly修飾動詞smiled作狀語 用副詞形式 6 2009 ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather choose oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather 思路點撥 choice在形容詞性物主代詞后一定是用名詞形式 7 2008 Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir nature course 思路點撥 natural在名詞course前作定語 用形容詞 8 2007 Wedranktogetherandtalked merry tillfarintothenight 思路點撥 merrily修飾動詞talked作狀語 用副詞 考情分析 從上表可看出 每年必考1題 其中2013年考了2題 共涉及四種情況 1 adj adv 有4個小題 2 n adj 有2個小題 3 vt n 有1個小題 4 vt adj 有1個小題 解答這類題 首先要分析句子結構 看空格處要填的詞在句子充當什么成分 然后回顧思考充當這一成分需要哪類詞 再看括號中所給詞是什么詞類 應如何將其轉換成所需詞類 關于充當句中各成分的最典型的詞類 請記住以下三條 1 作主語或賓語要用名詞 如上述第6題 2 作定語 表語或補足語一般用形容詞 如上述第1 3 7題 解題技巧 3 修飾動詞 形容詞或另一副詞 作狀語 用副詞 如上述第2 4 5 8題 注意 1 有時不但要注意詞性轉換 而且還要考慮用表示相反意義的前綴或后綴 其邏輯意義才通順 如 Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis care work 解析 在形容詞性物主代詞與名詞之間必定是填形容詞作定語 如填careful 細心的 句子的邏輯意義不通 要填careless 粗心的 才通順 2 當所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時 無需改變詞性 就可能是只改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴或后綴了 如 InAlaska thewolfalmost appear afewyearsagobecausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport 解析 主句中沒有其他謂語動詞 appear應為謂語動詞 由后面從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知 用一般過去時 若填appeared 與后面的原因狀語從句意義相矛盾 應填disappeared 才通順 一 形容詞 副詞二 動詞 名詞變形容詞的常見后綴三 動詞變?yōu)槊~的后綴四 形容詞變名詞的后綴五 表示 人 的后綴六 表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴七 變動詞的前綴和后綴八 其他前綴的意義九 合成法十 轉換法 考點歸納 見學生用書P185 187 一 單句填空用括號中所給詞語的正確形式填空 1 2014佛山一模 Afterthey continue improvedituponearlierdesigns thebrotherssuccessfullyreceivedapatent 專利 in1906 continuously修飾動詞improved作狀語 用副詞 實戰(zhàn)演練 2 2014廣州調研 Thesepoemswerewellreceived local andin1786theywerepublishedinthevolume Poems Chiefly locally副詞作狀語 意為 在當?shù)?3 2014廣州一模 Icouldn timaginewhatitisliketoloseyourhomeandeverythingthatyouknowandthe power effectthehurricanehadonthosepeople powerful形容詞作定語修飾effect 4 2014惠州三模 Delighted thecountrymouseacceptedthe invite andcametothecitymouse shouse invitation名詞作accept的賓語 5 2014惠州三模 EvenifIeatnothingbutbeans Icanlive peace peacefully副詞作狀語 修飾動詞live 6 2014茂名一模 However theworst impress isthatIwasfeelinghungryallthetime impression作主語或說者在 冠詞 形容詞 之后 一定是填名詞 7 2014茂名二模 Itookthatbeautifulmomentandstoredit safe inmysoulwhereIknewitwouldremainforever safely修飾動詞stored 故用副詞 8 2014梅州一模 Intheeyesoftheseforeigners Chinglishisthe wonder resultofanEnglishdictionarymixingwithChinesegrammar wonderful修飾其后名詞result 應轉換成形容詞wonderful 作定語 9 2014韶關一模 Andifyouhaveagood appear andalsooriginalorexpensiveclothestoshowoffatyourconcertsappearance名詞作have的賓語 用名詞 10 2014深圳一模 Bobwent returnedandsaid gentle Boss onlyonepersonissellingwatermelon gently修飾謂語動詞said要用副詞 11 2014肇慶期末 Foranother itisausefulwaytoreleasetheir press pressure作release的賓語用名詞 或在形容詞性物主代詞后沒有名詞時一定要填名詞 12 2014肇慶期末 ThereforeashighschoolstudentsoftheInformationAge weneedtolearntomakeuseofthis mean tooltocommunicateanddisplayourselves meaningful形容詞作定語修飾后面的tool 13 2014佛山一模 Theyflyfaster aremuchlarger andhavetelevisionsetsbuiltinforpassengers enjoy enjoyment所有格后面用名詞形式 或者說作介詞for的賓語要用名詞 14 2013廣州一模 Withthe arrive ofspring theDorritystookthechildrenforanouting arrival定冠詞后面是名詞 arrive的名詞是arrival而不是arriving 15 Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime fortunate Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam 16 Therefore whentheybecomeoldertheyare able todoanyotherkindofwork 17 Veryearlythenextmorning amazingly wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally expect way Unfortunately unable unexpected 18 Iwon tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis reason 19 Job apply needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime 20 Allfactsarethesourceof conclude 21 However most science agreethatEQhasalottodowith educate unreasonable applicants conclusions scientists education 22 Excellentoralandwritten communicate skillsinChineseandEnglishareof important 23 Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily require 24 Itisyour free todowhatyouwantafterclass 25 Asisknowntousall theEntranceExamisagreat andthestudentsare compete communication importance requirement freedom competition competitors 26 Iam grate toyouforyourhelp 27 Hegavemesome construct suggestions 28 Ajury sdecisioninacourtcasemustbeabsolutely object 29 Hedevotedmuchmoneytobuildingschoolsin mountain areas 30 Unfortunately mycarbrokedownona mud road grateful constructive objective mountainous muddy 31 Everyoneshouldplayhispartinbuildinga harmony society 32 The mystery lettersentfromTaiwanmadetheprofessorlostinthought 33 Tomakemyself Iwoulddosomeexerciseafterwork relax 34 Allthechildrenfelt whentheyheardthenews discourage harmonious mysterious relaxed relaxing discouraged discouraging 35 We apology forthelatedepartureofthisflight 36 Thearticlecan long outalittlebyaddingsomeexamples 37 Hisillness worse duringthenight 38 Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident youdidit intention 39 Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom brave apologized lengthen worsened intentionally bravely 40 Ourproductsaresold world 41 Hewentoutoftheoffice hurry torunafterher 42 Ilostmybalanceandfell back 43 Theyliveinthe west partofthevillage 44 It sveryimportanttoeat health worldwide hurriedly backward western healthily 二 語篇填空閱讀下列短文 按照句子結構的語法性 用括號中所給詞語的正確形式填空 Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis1 month billswhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced Dad becausethisisyourbirthdayandyou re55yearsold I mgoingtogiveyou55kisses oneforeachyear Butthefatherexclaimed Oh Andrew don tdoitnow I mtoobusy monthly Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell2 silence astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes 3 apologetical thefathersaid Youcanfinishlater Theboysaidnothingbut4 quiet walkedaway 5 disappoint writtenoverhisface Thateveningthefathersaid Comeandfinishthekissesnow Andrew Buttheboydidn trespond silent Apologetically quietly disappointment 6 fortunate theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy7 thought words andcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching Unfortunately thoughtless Loveisatwo waystreet Anylovingactmustbe8 warm acceptedoritwillbetakenas9 reject andcanleaveascar Nothingismore10 importance thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous Because theremaybenochanceatallasinthecaseofthelittleboy warmly rejection important 一個小孩在父親55歲生日時想給父親55個吻 但這位父親因太忙叫兒子等以后有空再吻 幾天后這個小男孩不幸溺水身亡 父親傷心欲絕 故事告誡我們 對于那些在我們身邊 對我們彌足珍貴的人 用愛去回應他們愛的渴望 這最重要不過了 1 monthly在名詞前作定語用形容詞 表示 每月的 填monthly 2 silent在系動詞felt后作表語用形容詞 3 Apologetically 修飾謂語動詞作狀語用副詞 4 quietly 修飾謂語動詞作狀語用副詞 5 disappointment 后面有過去分詞短語作定語 應是名詞 6 Unfortunately 修飾全句作狀語用副詞 溺水身亡是 不幸 7 thoughtless 在名詞前作定語用形容詞 根據(jù)文意 加表示否定意義的后綴less 8 warmly 修飾謂語作狀語用副詞 9 rejection 在介詞后作賓語用名詞 10 important 在系動詞is后作表語用形容詞