異形缺口U形件沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)-落料沖孔-彎曲復(fù)合模含2副模具20張CAD圖帶開題報(bào)告+外文翻譯-獨(dú)家.zip,異形,缺口,沖壓,模具設(shè)計(jì),沖孔,彎曲,復(fù)合,模具,20,CAD,開題,報(bào)告,外文,翻譯,獨(dú)家 異形缺口U形件沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的原始數(shù)據(jù)： （1）產(chǎn)品圖 （２）其他條件 1）材料為20鋼，外表面要求光滑無毛刺。 2）大批量生產(chǎn)。 3）壁厚為2mm。 4）外形尺寸60×38×30，底部有一Φ12的圓孔和一缺口。 5）自由尺寸，可IT11級查取。 2.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的內(nèi)容和要求(包括技術(shù)要求、圖表要求以及工作要求等)： 零件外形尺寸小，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，尺寸公差和形位公差要求不高，需 要對該零件進(jìn)行沖壓成形工藝方案論證，設(shè)計(jì)合理的模具結(jié)構(gòu)。本題 目要求學(xué)生具有較強(qiáng)的模具設(shè)計(jì)能力及創(chuàng)新能力，并熟練運(yùn)用AutoCAD 等軟件進(jìn)行計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖，會查閱相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)資料及手冊，進(jìn)行必要的計(jì) 算。 3.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)完成的技術(shù)文件： （1）開題報(bào)告一份（文獻(xiàn)綜述、調(diào)研報(bào)告、方案論證、完成課題 的基本思路及進(jìn)程計(jì)劃等）； （2）外文翻譯；（2000字以上） （3）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙不少于A0 3張；其中要求完成產(chǎn)品二維圖 以及模具二維圖的繪制。 （4）設(shè)計(jì)說明書一份及光盤； 4.主要參考文獻(xiàn)： [1]王芳.冷沖模具指導(dǎo)書[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1998 [2]王以真.實(shí)用揚(yáng)器技術(shù)手冊[M].北京:國防工業(yè)出版社，2003 [3]王新華，袁聯(lián)富.沖模結(jié)構(gòu)圖冊[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2003 [4]廖念釘，古瑩奄等.互換性與技術(shù)測量[M].北京:中國計(jì)量出版社，2001 [5]陳錦昌，劉就女等.計(jì)算機(jī)工程制圖[M].廣州:華南理工大學(xué)出版社，1999 [6劉鴻文.材料力學(xué)[M].北京:高等教育出版社，1999 [7王煥庭，李茅華、徐善國.工機(jī)械工程材料[M].大連：大連理工大學(xué)出版社，2002 [8]黨根茂，駱志斌等.模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造[M].西安:西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2001 [9]黃毅宏，李明輝.模具制造工藝[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999 [10]王孝培．沖壓手冊[M]．機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004 [11]高錦張，賈俐俐．塑性成形工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)[M]．機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2006 [12]楊占堯．沖壓模具圖冊[M]．高等教育出版社，2004 [13]K.F. Pun, I.K. Hui, W.G. Lewis, H.C.W. Lau, A multiple-criteria envi- ronmental impact assessment for t he plastic injection molding process: a methodology, J. Cleaner Prod. 11 (2002) 41. [14]A.T. Bozdana, O¨ . Eyerc′?og? lu, Development of an Expert System for the Determination of Injection Moulding Parameters of Thermoplastic Materials: EX-PIMM, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 128 (2002) 113. 5．設(shè)計(jì)、研究思路： 本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)分以下步驟進(jìn)行： （a）認(rèn)真跟老師溝通，了解所要設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品； (b)復(fù)習(xí)以前學(xué)過的知識，理順設(shè)計(jì)的大概思路； (c)查閱大量資料，細(xì)致化自己的思路； (d)查閱網(wǎng)上最新資料，開動(dòng)腦 6.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃(以周為單位)： 起 止 日 期 工 作 內(nèi) 容 備 注 第一周 第二周 第三周 第四周 第五周 第六周 第七周 第八周 第九周 第十周 第十一周 第十二周 查閱國內(nèi)外資料及閱讀文獻(xiàn) 外文翻譯及撰寫開題報(bào)告 外文翻譯及撰寫開題報(bào)告 外文翻譯及撰寫開題報(bào)告 完成零件造型及二維圖的繪制 確定毛坯排樣圖和工序排樣圖 進(jìn)行沖壓工藝分析 模具總圖的設(shè)計(jì)與繪制 模具總圖的設(shè)計(jì)與繪制 模具總圖的設(shè)計(jì)與繪制 模具零件結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 答辯 教研室審查意見： 室主任 XXX年1月1日 學(xué)院（系部）審查意見： 教學(xué)院長（主任） XXX年1月2日 開題報(bào)告 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號 專 業(yè) 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 職 稱 所在系部 課題來源 自擬課題 課題性質(zhì) 課題名稱 異形缺口U形件沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容 和意義? 1．主要內(nèi)容： （1）編寫模具技術(shù)要求、模具材料的確定。 （2）查閱材料、收集資料，對沖裁件的沖壓工藝性進(jìn)行分析研究，沖裁力計(jì)算、模具的成形尺寸計(jì)算、排料計(jì)算、選擇沖壓設(shè)備并對沖壓設(shè)備技術(shù)參數(shù)進(jìn)行校核。利用CAD軟件繪制模具二維圖。 （3）掌握沖壓板材的使用性能和用途。完成與模具相關(guān)資料的外文翻譯。 （4）掌握模具鋼的使用情況，了解企業(yè)的模具設(shè)計(jì)流程和制造情況。掌握新軟件使用和模具加工的新工藝。 2．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的意義： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是在教師的指導(dǎo)下，運(yùn)用已學(xué)的知識、獨(dú)立進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究活動(dòng)，學(xué)會分析和解決學(xué)術(shù)問題的方法，鍛煉解決某一學(xué)術(shù)問題的能力。是對我們的知識能力進(jìn)行一次全面的考核，同時(shí)也是對我們進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究基本功的訓(xùn)練，培養(yǎng)綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識獨(dú)立地分析問題和解決問題的能力，為以后工作打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是對我們進(jìn)行最后一次知識的全面檢驗(yàn)，是對我們基本知識、基本理論和基本技能掌握與提高程度的一次總測試，這是進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的第一個(gè)目的。我們在學(xué)習(xí)期間，已經(jīng)按照學(xué)校的規(guī)定，學(xué)完了公共課、基礎(chǔ)課、專業(yè)課以及選修課等，每門課程也都經(jīng)過了考試或考查。學(xué)習(xí)期間的這種考核是單科進(jìn)行，主要是考查我們對本門學(xué)科所學(xué)知識的記憶程度和理解程度。但畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)則不同，它不是單一地對我們進(jìn)行某一學(xué)科已學(xué)知識的考核，而是著重考查我們運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識對某一問題進(jìn)行探討和研究的能力，是培養(yǎng)我們綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論、專業(yè)知識、基本技能，研究和解決問題的能力。是讓我們對四年所學(xué)知識和技能進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化、綜合化運(yùn)用、總結(jié)和深化的過程。通過這個(gè)過程，鍛煉了我們的思維能力、動(dòng)手能力，并加深了我們掌握知識的深度理解。 設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容 和意義 文獻(xiàn)綜述 模具做為工業(yè)之母，其重要性無需多言，包括我國在內(nèi)的眾多國家都將其單列出來作為一個(gè)大的行業(yè)，而隨著塑料制品的大規(guī)模應(yīng)用，塑料注射模具更在這一行業(yè)中占了很大的比例。但很可惜的是，由于歷史的原因，我國在這一行業(yè)，與西方發(fā)達(dá)國家之間有一定的差距，但這種差距并非不可彌補(bǔ)的，我們做為21世紀(jì)的國家青年，從大一開始，我就決定為此而努力，所以現(xiàn)在，我理所當(dāng)然的選擇了模具畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)這一課題。 異形缺口U形件成形工藝及沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)過程中涉及機(jī)械、材料、力學(xué)、工藝、機(jī)構(gòu)等各種專業(yè)知識。通過異形缺口U形件成形工藝及沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)，可以綜合運(yùn)用大學(xué)四年所學(xué)習(xí)的各種知識，是對所學(xué)知識的一次檢驗(yàn)，作為參加工作的一次演練。通過本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，使自己掌握冷沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造，也是工提高自己綜合運(yùn)用各種知識的能力。 通過本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，可以使我鍛煉和培養(yǎng)以下基本能力： （1）一般沖壓模設(shè)計(jì)的基本能力； （2）沖壓模所要注意的工藝分析及模具結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇； （3）沖壓模的質(zhì)量分析及工藝改進(jìn)、模具結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的能力； （4）了解模具設(shè)計(jì)的常用商業(yè)軟件以及同實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)合。 另外，本次模具設(shè)計(jì)還鍛煉了我使用AUTOCAD繪圖軟件的技巧，使我在模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、工藝分析、模具零件的選材、熱處理、沖壓模具零件的制造以及資料檢索、英文翻譯等方面獲得綜合訓(xùn)練，為未來工作適應(yīng)期奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。由于模具成型方式具有生產(chǎn)效率高，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，可節(jié)約材料及生產(chǎn)成本低等特點(diǎn)，發(fā)展模具工業(yè)已成為當(dāng)代促進(jìn)塑料制品及機(jī)電產(chǎn)品優(yōu)質(zhì)廉價(jià)生產(chǎn)的重要手段。隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展和模具使用的日益廣泛，模具工業(yè)己成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，被稱為“工業(yè)之母”。模具技術(shù)已成為衡量一個(gè)國家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的重要標(biāo)志，它決定著產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、效益和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力。工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家對模具工業(yè)極為重視，早在50年代就已使模具擺脫了依附和從屬的地位，使之成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的工業(yè)部門。從工業(yè)產(chǎn)值對比來看，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國家的模具總產(chǎn)值早己超過了機(jī)床的總產(chǎn)值。 1.我國沖壓模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 模具是制造業(yè)的重要基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備，工業(yè)產(chǎn)品大批量生產(chǎn)和新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)都離不開模具，用模具生產(chǎn)制件所達(dá)到的(四高二低)高精度，高復(fù)雜程度，高一致性，高生產(chǎn)率和低耗能、低耗材，使模具工業(yè)在制造業(yè)中的地位越來越重要。模具品種繁多，共有10大類，包括沖壓、塑料、橡膠、鑄造、鍛壓等，用于制造業(yè)中幾乎所有產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，可見模具的服務(wù)范圍已包括國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的許多方面，現(xiàn)在模具技術(shù)已成為衡量一個(gè)國家產(chǎn)品制造水平的重要標(biāo)志之一，沒有高 文獻(xiàn)綜述 水平的模具就沒有高水平的產(chǎn)品已成為共識。 隨著產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代越來越快，新產(chǎn)品不斷涌現(xiàn)。新技術(shù)日新月異，模具的使用范圍已越來越廣，對模具的要求也越來越高了。 (1)模具產(chǎn)品將向著更大型、更精密、更復(fù)雜及更經(jīng)濟(jì)快速方向發(fā)展；模具生產(chǎn)將朝著信息化、無圖化、精細(xì)化、自動(dòng)化方向發(fā)展；模具企業(yè)將向著技術(shù)集成化、設(shè)備精良化、產(chǎn)品品牌化、管理信息化、經(jīng)營國際化方向發(fā)展。 (2)模具CAD／CAE／CAM／PDM正向集成化、三維化、智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和信息化方向發(fā)展?？旖莞咚俚男畔⒒瘯r(shí)代將帶領(lǐng)模具行業(yè)進(jìn)入新時(shí)代。 (3)模具的質(zhì)量、周期、價(jià)格、服務(wù)四要素中，已有越來越多的用戶將周期放在首位，要求模具盡快交貨，因此模具生產(chǎn)周期將繼續(xù)不斷縮短。 (4)大力提高開發(fā)能力，將開發(fā)工作盡量往前推，直至介入到模具用戶的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)中去，甚至在尚無明確的用戶對象之前進(jìn)行開發(fā)(這需要在有較大把握和敢冒一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的情況下進(jìn)行)，變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。以及“你給我一個(gè)概念，我還你一個(gè)產(chǎn)品”的一站式服務(wù)模式都已成為發(fā)展趨勢。 (5)隨著模具企業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)和加工水平的提高，過去以鉗工為核心，大量依靠技藝的 (6)高速加工、復(fù)合加工、精益生產(chǎn)、敏捷制造及新材料、新工藝、新技術(shù)將不斷得到發(fā)展。 “模具是一種工藝品”的概念正在被“模具是一種高新技術(shù)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品”所替代，模具“上下模單配成套”的概念正在被 “只裝不配"的概念所替代。模具正從長期以來主要依靠技藝而變?yōu)榻窈笾饕揽考夹g(shù)。這不但是一種生產(chǎn)手段的改變，也是一種生產(chǎn)方式的改變，更是一種觀念的改變。這一趨向使得模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度不斷提高，模具精度越來越高，生產(chǎn)周期越來越短，鉗工 比例越來越低，最終促使整個(gè)模具工業(yè)水平不斷提高。 2.研究的基本內(nèi)容，擬解決的主要問題 我國沖壓模具行業(yè)與其發(fā)展需要和國外先進(jìn)水平相比，主要存在六個(gè)方面的問題。 (1)發(fā)展不平衡，產(chǎn)品總體水平較低。雖然個(gè)別企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品己達(dá)到相當(dāng)高的水平，個(gè)別企業(yè)的部分產(chǎn)品已達(dá)到或接近國際水平，但總體來看，模具的精度、表面粗糙度、生產(chǎn)周期、壽命等指標(biāo)與國外先進(jìn)水平相比尚有較大差距。包括生產(chǎn)方式和企業(yè)管理在內(nèi)的總體水平與國外工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家相比尚有10年以上的差距。 (2)工藝裝備落后，組織協(xié)調(diào)能力差。雖然部分企業(yè)經(jīng)過近幾年的技術(shù)改造，工藝裝備水平己比較先進(jìn)，但大部分企業(yè)工藝裝備仍比較落后。更主要的是我們的企業(yè)組織協(xié)調(diào)能力差，難以很好整合或調(diào)動(dòng)社會資源為我所用，從而就難以承接比較大的項(xiàng)目。 (3)大多數(shù)企業(yè)開發(fā)能力弱。一方面是技術(shù)人員比例低、水平不夠高，另一方面是科研開發(fā)投入少，更重要的是觀念落后，對開發(fā)不夠重視。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]王芳.冷沖模具指導(dǎo)書[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1998 [2]王以真.實(shí)用揚(yáng)器技術(shù)手冊[M].北京:國防工業(yè)出版社，2003 [3]王新華，袁聯(lián)富.沖模結(jié)構(gòu)圖冊[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2003 [4]廖念釘，古瑩奄等.互換性與技術(shù)測量[M].北京:中國計(jì)量出版社，2001 [5]陳錦昌，劉就女等.計(jì)算機(jī)工程制圖[M].廣州:華南理工大學(xué)出版社，1999 [6劉鴻文.材料力學(xué)[M].北京:高等教育出版社，1999 [7王煥庭，李茅華、徐善國.工機(jī)械工程材料[M].大連：大連理工大學(xué)出版社，2002 [8]黨根茂，駱志斌等.模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造[M].西安:西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2001 [9]黃毅宏，李明輝.模具制造工藝[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999 [10]王孝培．沖壓手冊[M]．機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004 [11]高錦張，賈俐俐．塑性成形工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)[M]．機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2006 [12]楊占堯．沖壓模具圖冊[M]．高等教育出版社，2004 [13]K.F. 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Technol. 128 (2002) 113. 研究內(nèi)容 1.研究步驟、方法、工作進(jìn)度 零件設(shè)計(jì)、工藝性分析、確定模具結(jié)構(gòu)、沖裁工藝力的計(jì)算、壓力中心的確定、模具結(jié)構(gòu)件設(shè)計(jì)、沖壓設(shè)備選擇、繪制模具設(shè)計(jì)圖紙。 （1）零件設(shè)計(jì)，利用軟件AutoCAD進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)并完成尺寸及公差等技術(shù)要求的標(biāo)注，繪制模具圖。 （2）沖壓設(shè)備選擇，確定的壓力公稱壓力，并計(jì)算沖裁力，通過公稱壓力的校核、滑塊行程次數(shù)的校核、模柄的校核、安裝部分的尺寸校核、閉合高度的校核結(jié)合沖壓設(shè)備的資料確定沖壓設(shè)備的型號。 （3）模架，通過上、下模座的強(qiáng)度和剛度的考慮、定位導(dǎo)向部件、卸料推出機(jī)構(gòu)等的初步估算，確定使用模架的型號。 （4）對零件進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，計(jì)算出工作尺寸。 （5）對沖裁力進(jìn)行計(jì)算，進(jìn)行凸凹模、落料凹模、沖孔凸模等的設(shè)計(jì)， （6）其他零部件的設(shè)計(jì)。 （7）完成整套模具的二維工程圖的繪制。 2.預(yù)期成果 （1）該彎曲件模具技術(shù)要求一份、訂料表文件一份； （2）題報(bào)告一份、外文翻譯資料一份；； （3）2D裝配圖一份和零件圖若干份（不少于3張A0圖紙）； （4）畢業(yè)論文一份； 研究計(jì)劃 第一周 調(diào)研、圖書館查找與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)資料； 第二周 熟悉模具設(shè)計(jì)方法和現(xiàn)代模具加工技術(shù)； 第三周 撰寫開題報(bào)告； 第四周 英文文獻(xiàn)資料的翻譯； 第五周 熟悉CAD軟件的使用； 第六周 模具結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定和設(shè)計(jì)； 第七周 必要的理論計(jì)算 第八周 模具技術(shù)要求、訂料表的完成； 第九周 2D總裝圖的繪制及修改； 第十周 若干零件圖的繪制及修改； 第十一周 編制設(shè)計(jì)說明書 第十二周 畢業(yè)答辯 特色與創(chuàng)新 隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，模具CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用日趨成熟，模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)日益深入人心，并且發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。因此，對于大型復(fù)雜的模具設(shè)計(jì)是必不可少的技術(shù)。 在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，本人將全部應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù)來設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具。在模具設(shè)計(jì)方面，應(yīng)用UG軟件對模具凸模和凹模進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，并完成三維模具總裝圖。由于學(xué)習(xí)該軟件需要一定的模具成型實(shí)踐知識，在使用上要多查閱這方面的資料。 指導(dǎo)教師 意 見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： XXXX年 1 月 21 日 教研室意見 主任簽名： XXXX 年 1 月 22日 學(xué)院（系部）意見 教學(xué)院長（主任）簽名: XXXX年 1 月 23日 譯文： 現(xiàn)代快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制造模具技術(shù)? ????隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，新的技術(shù)革命不斷取得新的進(jìn)展和突破，技術(shù)的飛躍 發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的重要因素。市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，促使工業(yè)產(chǎn)品越來越向多品種、小批量、高質(zhì)量、低成本的方向發(fā)展，為了保持和加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品在市場上的競爭力，產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)周期、生產(chǎn)周期越來越短，于是對制造各種產(chǎn)品的關(guān)鍵工藝裝備——模具的要求越來越苛刻。?一方面企業(yè)為追求規(guī)模效益，使得模具向著高速、精密、長壽命方向發(fā)展；另一方面企業(yè)為了滿足多品種、小批量、產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代快、贏得市場的需要，要求模具向著制造周期短、成本低的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展。計(jì)算機(jī)、激光、電子、新材料、新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)如虎添翼，應(yīng)用范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，類型不斷增多，創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益越來越顯著。??快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械加工相比，具有制模周期短、成本低、精度與壽命又能滿足生產(chǎn)上的使用要求，是綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益比較顯著的一類制造模具的技術(shù)，概括起來，有以下幾種類別。?? 1快速原型制造技術(shù)?快速原型制造技術(shù)簡稱RPM，是80年代后期發(fā)展起來的一種新型制造技術(shù)。美國、日本、英國、以色列、德國、中國都推出了自己的商業(yè)化產(chǎn)品，并逐漸形成了新型產(chǎn)業(yè)。?RPM是電腦、激光、光學(xué)掃描、先進(jìn)的新型材料、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助加工(CAM)、數(shù)控(CNC)綜合應(yīng)用的高新技術(shù)。在成型概念上以平面離散、堆積為指導(dǎo)，在控制上以計(jì)算機(jī)和數(shù)控為基礎(chǔ)，以最大柔性為總體目標(biāo)。它摒棄了傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械加工方法，對制造業(yè)的變革是一個(gè)重大的突破，利用RPM技術(shù)可以直接或間接地快速制模，該技術(shù)已被汽車、航空、家電、船舶、醫(yī)療、模具等行業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用。?? ??? 2表面成型制模技術(shù)??表面成型制模技術(shù)，主要是利用噴涂、電鑄、化學(xué)腐蝕等新的工藝方法形成型腔表面及精細(xì)花紋的一種工藝技術(shù)，實(shí)際應(yīng)用中包括以下幾種類型。?? 電弧噴涂成型制模技術(shù)??電弧噴涂成型技術(shù)的原理是：利用2根通電的金屬絲之間產(chǎn)生電弧的熱量將金屬絲熔化，依靠高壓氣體將其充分霧化，并給予一定的動(dòng)能，高速噴射在樣模表面，層層鑲嵌，形成一金屬殼體，即型腔的內(nèi)表面，再用充填基體材料(一般為金屬粉粒與樹脂的復(fù)合材料)加以支撐加固，提高其強(qiáng)度和剛性，連同金屬模架組合成模具。這種制模技術(shù)工藝簡單、成本低，制造周期非常短，型腔表面的成型僅需幾個(gè)小時(shí)，節(jié)省能源和金屬材料，一般型腔表面僅2-3mm厚，仿真性極強(qiáng)，花紋精度可達(dá)到0.5μm。?目前該技術(shù)被廣泛地用于飛機(jī)、汽車的內(nèi)飾件模具、家電、家俱、制鞋、美術(shù)工藝品等表面形狀復(fù)雜及花紋精細(xì)的各種聚氨酯制品的吹塑、吸塑、PVC注射、PU發(fā)泡及各類注射成型模具中。?? ?? 電鑄成型技術(shù)?電鑄成型技術(shù)的原理同電鍍一樣，是依樣模(現(xiàn)成制品或按制品圖紙制成的母模)為基準(zhǔn)(陰極)，置放在電鑄液中(陽極)，使電鑄液中的金屬離子還原后一層一層地沉積在樣模上，形成金屬殼體，將其剝離后，與樣模接觸的表面即為模具的型腔內(nèi)表面。該技術(shù)主要特點(diǎn)是節(jié)省材料、模具制造周期短，電鑄層硬度可達(dá)40HRC，提高了耐磨性和壽命，粗糙度、尺寸精度與樣模完全一致，適用于注射、吸塑、吹塑、搪塑、膠木模、玻璃模、壓鑄模等模具型腔及電火花成型電極的制造。?? 型腔表面精細(xì)花紋成型的蝕刻技術(shù)蝕刻技術(shù)是光學(xué)、化學(xué)、機(jī)加工綜合應(yīng)用的一種技術(shù)，它的基本原理是先把花紋圖案制成膠片，再把膠片上的花紋圖案復(fù)制在已涂上光敏材料的模具型腔表面上，經(jīng)過化學(xué)處理，模具型腔表面形成不被蝕刻部分的保護(hù)層，再根據(jù)模具材質(zhì)，選擇相應(yīng)蝕刻工藝，將花紋圖案蝕刻在模具內(nèi)表面上。??該技術(shù)的主要特點(diǎn)是時(shí)間短、費(fèi)用低，修補(bǔ)破損花紋圖案可做到天衣無縫。 3澆鑄成型制模技術(shù)澆鑄成型制模技術(shù)的共同特點(diǎn)是依樣件為基準(zhǔn)，澆鑄出凸、凹模，型腔表面不需要機(jī)械加工。 4擠壓成型技術(shù)???利用鈹銅合金的良好的導(dǎo)熱性和穩(wěn)定性，經(jīng)固熔時(shí)效處理后，采用冷擠壓制造模具凹模型腔。其特點(diǎn)是制造周期短，型腔精度高(IT7級)，表面粗糙度Ra=0.025μm,強(qiáng)度高，壽命可達(dá)50萬次，無環(huán)境污染。該技術(shù)是利用金屬材料在細(xì)化晶粒、一定成型溫度、低變形速率條件下，材料具有最佳超塑性時(shí)，將事先制作好的凸模，用較小的力便可擠壓出凹模的一種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)。超塑成型材料的典型代表是Zn-22%AL。?? 5無模多點(diǎn)成形技術(shù)??無模多點(diǎn)快速成形技術(shù)是以CAD/CAM/CAT技術(shù)為主要手段，利用計(jì)算機(jī)控制高度可調(diào)基本體群形成上下成形面，代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)模具對板料進(jìn)行三維曲面成形的又一現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)。此項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以隨意改變變形路徑與受力狀態(tài)，提高材料的成形極限，可反復(fù)成形，以此消除材料內(nèi)部的殘余應(yīng)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)無回彈成形。?? ? 6凱維朗(KEVRON)鋼帶沖裁落料制模技術(shù)??新型鋼帶沖裁落料制模技術(shù)是一種不同于一般具有凸、凹模結(jié)構(gòu)的鋼帶模，它是由單刃鋼帶與特制墊板組成的新型快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)。這種模具重量輕，一般只有200kg，加工精度為?±0.35-0.50mm，可適合各種黑色和有色金屬的0.5-0.65mm厚的板料加工。壽命可達(dá)到5-25?萬次，制造成本低。?? ??? 7模具毛坯的快速制造技術(shù)—實(shí)型鑄造由于大量的模具是屬于單件或小批量生產(chǎn)，模具毛坯的制造質(zhì)量和周期及成本對最終的模具質(zhì)量和周期及成本的影響是至關(guān)重要的。?? ????現(xiàn)代模具毛坯已廣泛地采用子實(shí)型鑄造技術(shù)，所謂實(shí)型鑄造就是利用泡沫塑料制作代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的木模或金屬模，造型后不需取出模型，便可以澆鑄，泡沫塑料模型的高溫液體金屬作用下，迅速燃燒氣化而消失，金屬液取代原來泡沫塑料模型所占有的位置，冷凝后形成鑄件。?? ? 8其它方面技術(shù)為了簡化模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，降低模具成本，縮短模具制造周期，在國內(nèi)外也先后出現(xiàn)了一些其它方面新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，如快換模架、沖壓單元、刃口堆焊、鑲塊鑄造、氮?dú)鈴椈傻取＊?? ???? 氮?dú)鈴椈稍谀＞呱系膽?yīng)用??氮?dú)鈴椈墒且环N新型彈性功能部件，用它代替彈簧、橡膠、聚氨酯或者氣墊，它能夠準(zhǔn)確地提供壓邊力，在較小空間便可產(chǎn)生較大初始彈壓力，不需預(yù)緊，在模具整個(gè)工作過程中彈壓力基本恒定。彈壓力大小及受力點(diǎn)位置可隨時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、方便地調(diào)整，簡化模具拉伸、壓邊、卸料等結(jié)構(gòu)，簡化模具設(shè)計(jì)，縮短制模周期，調(diào)試模具方便，縮短更換模具時(shí)間，提高生產(chǎn)效率。??  快速換模技術(shù)?由于產(chǎn)品品種的增多，使模具在生產(chǎn)中更換變得十分頻繁，于是如何縮短沖壓設(shè)備的停機(jī)時(shí)間，提高生產(chǎn)效率，快速換模技術(shù)受到了人們的關(guān)注。目前發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國家的一些大公司換模速度達(dá)到了驚人的程度，是否具有快速換模技術(shù)已成為企業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的一項(xiàng)標(biāo)志?？偟内厔菥褪菧p少模具在設(shè)備上安裝、固定、調(diào)整的時(shí)間，這既要在設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)上予以考慮，又要在模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化方面予以考慮，將機(jī)上的作業(yè)盡可能地放在機(jī)下做。?? 沖壓單元組合技術(shù)?沖壓單元組合技術(shù)是將常規(guī)的沖模分解為一個(gè)個(gè)簡單的單元沖模，根據(jù)工序件的要求，排列組合，在同一次沖程內(nèi)完成多種沖壓工序的新型工藝裝備，工作時(shí)沖壓單元不與沖床滑塊聯(lián)接，只需滑塊打擊即可完成沖壓工作。單獨(dú)使用時(shí)它就是1副完整模具。它可以用來加工板料或型材的沖孔、落料、切角、切槽、切斷及淺拉伸等。具有組裝快捷、使用方便、通用性強(qiáng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)性好等特點(diǎn)，特別適合多品種、中小批量生產(chǎn)。?? ?? 可加工塑料在模具制造中的應(yīng)用??可加工塑料在發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國家應(yīng)用較普遍，特別是在汽車、飛機(jī)等制造業(yè)中，主要代替木材或金屬制作汽車車身主模型、靠模、檢具和鑄造模型等。可加工塑料的主要特點(diǎn)是兼?zhèn)淠静暮徒饘俚膬?yōu)良加工性能，制作工藝簡捷(可采用模塑、澆注、拼粘、雕塑等方法)、尺寸穩(wěn)定性好、不變形、耐潮濕、耐腐蝕、易修復(fù)、易改型、重量輕、制作周期短、成本低。?? ?????快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)種類很多，其所具有的特點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用范圍各不相同，本文僅能概括地做一些簡單介紹，每種技術(shù)在具體應(yīng)用和實(shí)施過程中尚有許多具體的工藝過程、工藝參數(shù)及其技術(shù)特性。?模具是基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)之一，在全球化市場經(jīng)濟(jì)和各種高新技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展形勢下，快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具賦予了新的使命和全新的內(nèi)涵，分類不斷增加，快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模材料向著多品種系列化邁進(jìn)，工藝不斷有新的創(chuàng)新和突破，與之配套設(shè)備相繼問世，服務(wù)領(lǐng)域在不斷地拓寬，創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益越來越顯著。隨著商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，激烈的市場競爭，產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的加速，對快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)在縮短周期、降低成本，提高精度和延長壽命方面的要求勢必會越來越高。由于它能使企業(yè)贏得市場，創(chuàng)造顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，越來越受到企業(yè)家的青睞和有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部門的極大關(guān)注與政策資金的支持。各種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)在推廣應(yīng)用過程中也會不斷完善成熟和發(fā)展，由于高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，各種技術(shù)的復(fù)合與滲透，為適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)中的不同需求，今后必定會形成一些新型、節(jié)約能源、節(jié)約材料的快速制模技術(shù)。 5 Modern fast economy manufacture mold technology Along with the global economy development, the new technological revolution made the new progress and the breakthrough unceasingly, the technical leap development already becomes the important attribute which the impetus world economics grew. The market economy unceasing development, urges the industry product more and more to the multi- varieties, high grade, the low cost direction to develop, in order to maintain and strengthens the product in market competitive power, product development cycle, production cycle more and more short, thereupon to makes each kind of product the essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh. On the one hand the enterprise for the pursue scale benefit, causes the mold to turn towards high speed, is precise, the long life direction develops; On the other hand enterprise in order to satisfy the multi- varieties,, the product renewal quickly, wins the market the need, requests the mold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short, the cost low fast economy direction develops. The computer, the laser, electronic, the new material, the new technical development, causes the fast economical pattern making technology even more powerful, the application scope expands unceasingly, the type increases unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency and the social efficiency are more and more remarkable. The fast economical pattern making technology and the traditional machine-finishing compares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life can satisfy in the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes below, has several types to leave. 1 fast prototypes manufactures technology The fast prototype manufacture technology is called RPM, is one kind of new manufacture technology which the 80's later period develops. US, Japan, England, Israel, Germany, China have all promoted own commercialization product, and has formed the new industry gradually.RPM is the computer, the laser, the optical scanning, the advanced new material, the computer-aided design (CAD), the computer assistance processing (CAM), the numerical control (CNC) synthesizes the application the high technology and new technology. In takes shape in the concept take the plane separate, piles up as the instruction, in the control take the computer and the numerical control as the foundation, take biggest flexibility as general goals. It has abandoned the traditional machine-finishing method, to the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant breakthrough, uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast pattern making, this technology already by profession widespread application and so on automobile, aviation, electrical appliances, ships, medical service, mold. 2 surfaces take shape the pattern making technology The surface takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, the electrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology, in the practical application including following several kind of types. electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technology The electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is: Has the electric arc quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel, depends upon the compressed gas its full atomization, and gives the certain kinetic energy, high speed sprays in the type mold surface, layer upon layer mounts, forms a metal shell, namely the cavity internal surface, uses to fill the substrate material again (generally for metal silt and resin compound materials) performs to support the reinforcement, enhances its intensity and the rigidity, combines the mold together with the metal pattern frame. This kind of pattern making technology craft simple, cost low, manufacture cycle extremely short, the cavity surface takes shape only needs for several hours, saves the energy and the metal material, general cavity surface 2-3mm is only thick, simulation greatly strengthened, the pattern precision may achieve 0.5 mu m. At present this technology widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane, automobile mold, electrical appliances, furniture, shoemaking, fine arts handicraft is complex and the pattern fine each kind of polyurethane product blow molding, attracts models, the PVC injection, PU becomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold. electrolytic castings take shape the technology The electrolytic casting takes shape the technical principle to be same with the galvanization, is according to model the mold (ready-made product or female mold which makes according to product blueprint) is the datum (negative pole), places in the electrolytic casting fluid (anode), causes in the electrolytic casting fluid the metallic ion to return to original state a latter place deposition on the type mold, forms the metal shell, after strips it, contacts the surface with the type mold namely for the mold the cavity internal surface. This technical main characteristic is saves material, the mold manufacture cycle short, electrolytic casting level degree of hardness may reach 40HRC, enhanced the resistance to wear and the life, roughness, the size precision is completely consistent with the type mold, is suitable for the injection, attracts models, the blow molding, keeps out models, mold cavity and the electric spark and so on bakelite mold, glass mold, compression casting mold takes shape the electrode manufacture. cavities surfaces fine pattern takes shape etching technology The etching technology is optics, chemistry, the machining synthesis application one kind of technology, its basic principle is makes first the pattern design the film, then in has spread the film on pattern design duplication the photosensitive material on the mold cavity surface, process chemistry processing, the mold cavity surface does not form by the etching partial protectors, then acts according to the mold material quality, the choice corresponding etching craft, pattern design etching in mold internal surface.This technical main characteristic is the time short, the expense is low, patching damages the pattern design to be possible to achieve flawlessly. 3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold technique Sprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need the machine to process.Make physically to mainly have following several categories type in the mold. 4 extrusions takes shape the technology Using the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solid melt aging treatment of metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity. Its characteristic is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 level), surface roughness Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not have the environmental pollution. This technology is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain, certainly takes shape the temperature, under the low distortion speed condition, when the material has the best superplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrude the concave mold with the small strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology. Ultra models takes shape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL. 5 does not have the mold multi- spots forming technology Does not have the mold multi- spots fast forming technology is by CAD/CAM/CAT The technology is the main method about, may adjust the base main body group highly using the computer control to form forms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology. This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful condition at will, enhances the material the formed limit, may form repeatedly, by this elimination material interior remaining stress, the realization does not have the snapping back forming 6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind is different with has raised, the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally, it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed. This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processing precision for ±0.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mm thick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost is low. 7 molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important. The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the so-called solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after the modelling does not have to take out the model, then may the casting, under the foam plastics model high temperature liquid metal function, deflagrate the gasification but to vanish, the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position, after the condensation forms the casting. 8 other aspects technologies in order to simplify the mold the structural design, reduces the mold cost, reduces the mold manufacture cycle, in domestic and foreign also successively appeared some other aspects new technology application, like trades the mold frame, the ramming unit, the cutting edge built-up welding quickly, inlays the block casting, the nitrogen spring and so on. nitrogen springs on mold application The nitrogen spring is one kind of new elastic function part, replaces the spring, the rubber, the polyurethane or the air cushion with it side, it can accurately provide presses the strength, then may have the greatly initial ball pressure in the small space, does not need pre- tightly, is basically hit the pressure basically in the mold entire work process to be constant. The ball pressure size and the working point position may, accurate, conveniently adjust as necessary, simplifies the mold to stretch, nearby the pressure, ex-denning isostructuralism, simplifies the mold design, reduces the pattern making cycle, debugs the mold to be convenient, reduces the replacement mold time, enhances the production efficiency. fast trades the mold technology Because product variety increasing, causes the mold in the production the transmutation extremely frequently, how thereupon reduces the ramming equipment the down time, enhances the production efficiency, fast traded the mold technology to receive people's attention. At present developed industrial nation some big companies traded the mold speed to achieve astonishing degree, whether had fast trades the mold technology to become for an enterprise technology advancement sign. The always tendency is reduces the mold to install on the equipment, to be fixed, the adjustment time, this both must give in the equipment structural design to consider, and must in the mold structural design, the standardized aspect consider, machine on work as far as possible placing machine under will do. ramming units combination technology The ramming unit combination technology is dies a resolve into each one simple unit the convention to die, according to the working procedure request, the arrangement combination, completes the many kinds of ramming working procedure when the identical inferior stroke the new craft equipment, the work the ramming unit not with the punch press slide joint, only needs the slide attack then to complete the ramming work. When independent employment it is 1 complete mold. It may use for to process the sheet or the molding punch holes, falls the material, cuts the angle, the grooving, shuts off and the shallow stretch and so on. Has the assembly strongly, the easy to operate, the versatility, the efficiency is quickly good and so on the characteristic, suits the multi- varieties specially, center the production. may process the plastic in mold manufacture application May process the plastic to be common in the developed industrial nation application, specially in manufacturing industry and so on automobile, airplane, mainly replaces the lumber or the metal manufacture automobile body host model, the profile, examines has and the casting model and so on. May process the plastic the main characteristic is has both the lumber and the metal fine workability, the manufacture craft simple and direct (may use compression molding, pour, spells sticks, method well and so on sculpture), the size stability, does not distort, bears moistly, anti-corrosive, is easy to repair, the easy modification, the weight light, the manufacture cycle short, the cost to be low. Fast economical pattern making technology type very many, its has the characteristic, the application scope are various, this article only can broadly make some simple introductions, each kind of technology still had many concrete technological processes, the craft parameter and its the technical characteristic in the concrete application and the implementation process. The mold is one of foundation industries, in the globalization market economy and under each kind of high technology and new technology swift and violent development situation, the fast economical mold has entrusted with the new mission and the brand-new connotation, the classification increases unceasingly, the fast economical pattern making material turns towards the multi- varieties seriation to make great strides forward, the craft has the new innovation and the breakthrough unceasingly, is published one after another with it supplementary equipment, the service domain in opens up unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency is more and more remarkable. Along with the commodity economy development, the intense market competition, the product renewal acceleration, is reducing the cycle to the fast economical pattern making technology, reduces the cost, will increase the precision and lengthens the life aspect the request to be able to be more and more high inevitably. Because it can cause the enterprise to win the market, creates the remarkable economic efficiency, more and more receives entrepreneur's favor and the concerned leader department's enormous attention and the policy fund support. Each kind of fast economical pattern making technology also can consummate mature and the development unceasingly in the promoted application process, as a result of the high technology and new technology development, each kind of technical bonding with the seepage, for the adaption production in different demand, surely will be able to form some, the frugal energy, the frugal material fast pattern making technology new from now on.