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第38課 語法填空 解題策略方法 根據(jù)浙江省近3年中考真題可知，語法填空分為根據(jù)上下文在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空。 一、根據(jù)上下文在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，?？疾楣谠~、介詞、連詞、賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞，定語從句關(guān)系詞和感嘆句引導(dǎo)詞等，針對以上的考查點，考生可采取以下方法： 1. 冠詞：根據(jù)語境，若空白處后的名詞表示單數(shù)概念，且該空表泛指或特指，則考慮用冠詞。表泛指用不定冠詞a/an，若該名詞以元音音素開頭，用不定冠詞an，以輔音音素開頭，用不定冠詞a。表特指用定冠詞the。 2. 介詞：浙江省語法填空對介詞的考查包括介詞的基本用法（見第23課常用介詞的主要用法）和介詞的固定搭配。常見的介詞固定搭配有： （1）動詞與介詞的搭配 come up with想出（xx紹興中考67題）；wait for等待（xx紹興中考67題/金華中考68題）；look forward to盼望；look after照顧；take care of照顧；take pride in為……驕傲；spend...on在……上花費；come from來自……（xx衢州中考64題） （2）形容詞和介詞搭配 be different from與……不同（xx杭州中考53題）；be good at擅長于；be harmful to對……有害；be busy with忙于；be angry with對……生氣；be proud of以……為驕傲 （3）名詞與介詞的搭配 at the age of在某人……歲時（xx衢州中考）；to one’s surprise使某人吃驚的是；in English用英語（xx麗水中考68題）；on foot步行；by bike騎車；by accident偶然；by mistake無意；in fact事實上；on one’s way to...在某人去……的路上 （4）其他常見介詞短語 the same as和……一樣；instead of代替；as for至于；next to緊挨著；because of因為 3. 連詞：對于連詞的考查，首先要分析連詞所連接的兩個句子之間的關(guān)系，從而確定該用并列連詞還是從屬連詞（見第24課連詞的用法）。常考查的連詞有：when當(dāng)……時候（xx衢州中考69題）；so...that...如此……以至于……（xx臺州中考62題）；so因此（xx臺州中考64題）；because因為（xx衢州中考69題）；since自從（xx麗水中考66題）；not...until...直到……才……（直到）；though雖然；but但是（xx紹興中考70題）。 4. 賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞和定語從句關(guān)系詞（具體見第31課賓語從句和賓語從句的用法）。 5. 感嘆句：感嘆句常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有： （1）what+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（+主語+謂語）！ （2）what+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！ （3）How+形容詞/副詞（+主語+謂語）！ 如果感嘆名詞，用what（a/an）（xx紹興中考69題）；如果感嘆形容詞，用how（xx嘉興中考48題）。 6. ?？季湫虸t’s+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 做某事對于某人來說……（xx紹興中考66題）。 二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?？疾閯釉~的被動語態(tài)（xx衢州中考70題，臺州中考67題）、動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時（xx紹興中考65題）、動詞不定式（xx紹興中考69題）、動詞的固定搭配（xx衢州中考68題）、動詞的一般過去時（xx紹興中考68題）、動詞一般現(xiàn)在時的三單形式、動詞一般將來時、情態(tài)動詞表推測等；?？疾樾稳菰~的比較級（xx紹興中考63題）、最高級（xx金華中考63題）和相應(yīng)副詞形式（xx寧波中考59題）；?？疾槊~的復(fù)數(shù)（xx杭州中考59題）和所有格；?？疾榇~的五種（主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞、反身代詞）形式互換（xx金華、麗水中考61題）。 當(dāng)堂檢測 A（xx湖州市吳興區(qū)中考模擬） 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空（每空不多于3個單詞）。 Stephen Hawking, who was born in England in 1942, died at the age of 76. He was one of the 1_________（great） scientists on space and time in the world. Hawking spent his whole life 2_________（study） how the universe started and how it will end. When he studied math and science at Oxford University, he got a serious illness 3_________ made him unable to speak or breathe. He also couldn’t move or dress 4 （he）. However, he had 5_________ wheelchair with a special computer, with which he could communicate with others. Though he was facing all these 6_________（difficulty）, he refused to give up his hope of living. Because of his illness, it was difficult 7_________ him to draw diagrams or to write. So he 8_________（begin） thinking in pictures. With this new way of thinking, he is respected by people in the world. Once he was invited to China to give lectures. We 9_________（touch） by his self-confidence and humorous conversation deeply. He once said, “When something unfair happens, 10_________ is nothing to worry about!You just have to do the best in your own situation.” B（xx紹興中考） 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空（每空不多于3個單詞）。 Malala Yousafzai, 19, is a Pakistani youth activist. She is the 1_________（young） person in the world ever to be named United Nations （U.N.） Messenger（信使） of Peace. The United Nations is 2_________ international organization, which is meant to encourage 3_________（country）to work together on different opinions without the use of war. Yousafzai has 4_________（glad） accepted the role of working for girls’ education. Usually, a messenger 5_________（stay） in the position（職位） for three years. “If 6_________ want to see your future bright, you have to start working now and not wait 7_________ anyone else,” she said at the acceptance meeting in New York. In xx, Yousafzai was nearly killed by the Taliban because she worked hard 8_________（get） the same education for young girls in Pakistan. But later her condition improved. 9_________a brave girl!Since then Yousafzai 10 （become） a symbol of peace and girls’ right to receive an education. C（衢州中考） 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空（每空不多于3個單詞）。 Danny has a hobby—playing games online. He is interested 1_________ solving puzzles. He particularly enjoys chatting to other gamers. Now Danny 2_________（sit） quietly in front of his computer. His mother thinks he is doing his homework, 3_________ she is wrong. Danny is actually surfing the Internet, solving puzzles and chatting to other gamers around the world. “4_________ funny it is!” Danny thinks. Why are games online so interesting? “5_________ I can pretend to be a different person. There are also many different 6_________（kind） of games for me to play,” says Danny. “Other people love to play these games because they can play at any time. They do not need to organize a group. Someone in the world always wants 7_________（play）.” Starting a game online is not easy. Some gamers8_________（not） welcome new gamers. They will become angry when new gamers ask them questions. Other gamers are helpful. They want to make new friends. When Danny has 9_________ question, he always says, “Excuse me, are you busy? I am new at this game and I need some help.” Sometimes this 10_________（work）. At other times, however, the gamer at the other end makes you feel like a fool.  參考答案 當(dāng)堂檢測 A：1. greatest 2. studying 3. that/which 4. himself 5. a 6. difficulties 7. for 8. began 9. were touched 10. there B：1. youngest 2. an 3. countries 4. gladly 6. stays 6. you 7. for 8. to get 9. What 10. has become C：1. in 2. is sitting 3. but 4. How 5. Because 6. kinds 7. to play 8. don’t 9. a 10. works