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Unit 3 一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí) （一）單句語法填空 1． ________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 答案：Ignoring　設(shè)空處位于句首，考慮句中可能缺少主語或狀語，再分析句子成分，句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞will be，句中缺少的是主語，再根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。句意為：忽視這兩種研究結(jié)果的差異將是你所犯的最嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語部分是will be，one of the worst mistakes是表語，you make是省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句，修飾mistakes。很顯然，________ the difference between the two research findings是主語部分，結(jié)合語境可知設(shè)空處用動(dòng)名詞作主語。答案為Ignoring。 2．(2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ，70)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel pany in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 答案：living　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)快速找到謂語動(dòng)詞arranges，從而判斷此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞；再根據(jù)句意可知，邏輯主語people與live之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，最后確定填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。句意為：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent說，他們經(jīng)常在這兒為上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。該句的謂語動(dòng)詞是arranges，所以此處應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞；people和live之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填living作后置定語。 3．(2015北京，21改編)________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 答案：to catch　to catch在此作目的狀語。句意：為了趕上早航班，我們提前訂了出租車并且起得很早。 4．(2015北京，23改編)The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 答案：enjoying　enjoying為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，與people形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。句意：公園里人山人海，他們?cè)阢逶≈柟庥淇斓赝嫠！? 5．(2015天津，5改編)________(absorb) in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching. 答案：Absorbed　動(dòng)詞absorb有“使專心”之意，常見短語be absorbed in，所以用過去分詞作原因狀語。 （二）英漢互譯 1. cigarette n. __________ 2. alcohol n. __________ 3. alcoholic adj. __________ 4. abuse n. & vt. __________ 5. △fitness n. __________ 6. △sexual adj. __________ 7. stress n. vt. __________ 8. △stressful adj. __________ 9. △obesity n. __________ 10. adolescent n. adj. __________ 11. adolescence n. __________ 12. ban vt. n. __________ 13. due adj. __________ 14. due to __________ 15. tough adj. __________ 16. addicted adj. __________ 17. addicted to __________ 18. △nicotine n. __________ 19. accustom vt. __________ 20. accustomed adj. __________ 21. accustomed to __________ 22. withdrawal n. __________ 23. △bad-tempered adj. __________ 24. automatic adj__________. 25. automatically adv. __________ 26. mental adj. __________ 27. mentally adv. __________ 28. quit vt. __________ 29. effect n. __________ 30. lung n. __________ 31. pregnant adj. __________ 32. abnormal adj. __________ 33. breathless adj. __________ 34. unfit adj. __________ 35. strengthen vt. vi. __________ 36. △resolve n. __________ 37. decide on __________ 38. packet n. __________ 39. feel like (doing) __________ 40. △relaxation n. __________ 41. desperate adj. __________ 42. chemist n. __________ 43. △gum n. __________ 44. △chewing gum __________ 45. disappointed adj. __________ 46. △weaken vi. vt. __________ 47. ashamed adj. __________ 48. prehension n. __________ 49. in spite of __________ 50. take risks (a risk) __________ 51. get into 陷入；染上__________ 52. etc (et cetera) adv. __________ 53. appendix(復(fù)數(shù)-dixes, -dices）n. __________ 54. illegal adj. __________ 55. pill n. __________ 56. △robbery n. __________ 57. △slippery adj. __________ 58. at risk __________ 59. △immune adj__________. 60. survival n. __________ 61. sex n. __________ 62. △fluid n. __________ 63. △inject vt. __________ 64. △injection n. __________ 65. needle n. __________ 66. △spill （spilt, spilt） vi. vt. __________ 67. male adj. n. __________ 68. female adj. n. __________ 69. △condom n. __________ 70. △homosexual n. adj. __________ 71. prejudice n. __________ 72. judgement n. __________ abortion n. __________ 73. cigar n. __________ 74. embarrassed adj. __________ 75、awkward adj. __________ 二、閱讀理解 A Recent months have seen a revival of the humble(普通的)bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing pedaling(騎車)instead of driving to school, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing systems, services in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals who do not own them and pioneered by start-ups like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level. Washington D. C. has one of the biggest bike sharing systems in the US with 3, 700 bikes and 440 stations. The UK, France and Germany all have growing programs. However, China, so far, outdoes(超過)them all by operating three out of four of the world’s shard bikes. People can unlock the shard bikes by simply using their smartphone. The bikes are equipped with GPS and users of China’s versions can leave bikes anywhere in public for the next user. They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “l(fā)ast mile” problem, which refers to the final leg of a person’s journey. However, the Chinese programs have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism(故意破壞)and theft. In fact, these problems are also shared by bike-sharing programs abroad. Launched in 2007, Vilb is a large-scale public bike sharing system in Paris. At its early stage of operation, it also suffered from problems of vandalism or theft. By Oct 2009, a large number of Vlib’s initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft, according to The New York Times. To deal with these problems, the pany came up with the idea of encouraging people to return the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with points taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0. 5-1 yuan. 1.What can we learn about bike sharing systems? A. They offer free bike rides. B. They are running perfectly. C. China operates the biggest system. D. France was the first to launch the system. 2.As a means of transportation, bike-sharing can be best described as _______. A. promising but expensive. B. convenient and eco-friendly. C. eco-friendly but ineffective. D. troublesome and meaningless. 3.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Shared Bikes Pedal into Style. B. Problems with Bikes in China. C. Shared Bikes Attract Young People. D. Transportation Changes with the Times. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。講述的是共享單車成為一種新的趨勢(shì)，并介紹了它的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 2.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知共享單車方便而且環(huán)保，故選B。 3.A 【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知本文講的是共享單車成為一種新的趨勢(shì)，與A項(xiàng)一致，故選A。 B Bees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying by the second. The main purpose of bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, does not exist for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period. They collect pollen(花粉) which supplies protein for young bees to grow. According to National Honey Board, the increased production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of honeybee pollination are valued at more than $14.6 billion per year. These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, coffee, beans, and broccoli. So if they are so valuable to agriculture, why do they keep dying off? A key suspect seems to be pesticides(農(nóng)藥). Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides result in the damage to their neurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的) functions, specifically memory or behavior. And that’s why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen. There are several other causes of the decline of bees, including the destruction of natural habitats, like woodlands, forests, and other habitats for bees. Climate change is also a factor in the decline of the wild bee population. Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting beefriendly plants. Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds and weed killers. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起著重要的作用，但是由于農(nóng)藥的濫用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文給出了增加蜜蜂數(shù)量的方法和建議。 1．Why do honeybees store honey in their hives? A．To provide enough honey for humans to consume. B．To draw protein out of honey for young bees. C．To help attract other insects and make hives stronger. D．To strengthen bee muscles and heat hives in winter. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period.”可知，蜜蜂儲(chǔ)藏蜂蜜是為了增強(qiáng)飛行肌肉的力量，在冬天為蜂箱加熱，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．Apples and beans are mentioned in the third paragraph to show that ． A．bees supply human beings with basic food B．bees mainly live on these agricultural crops C．bees are of great importance to fruits and vegetables D．bees can bring in more money for farmers every year C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, coffee, beans, and broccoli.”可知，該段提及蘋果和豆類旨在說明蜜蜂對(duì)水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．What is most likely to cause the worker bees to leave their hives behind? A．The lack of food. B．The abuse of pesticides. C．The fighting among bees. D．The destruction of the habitats. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides...And that’s why the majority of worker bees disappear”可知，農(nóng)藥的濫用導(dǎo)致了工蜂離開蜂箱，故B項(xiàng)正確。 4．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A．Another way to save bees. B．Other tips for choosing seeds. C．More methods to plant green organic fruits. D．Causes of the decline in the wild bee population. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的第一、二句“Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting beefriendly plants.”可知，該段主要介紹了幫助蜜蜂增加數(shù)量的方法之一：種植對(duì)蜜蜂無害的植物。據(jù)此可以推斷，下文將介紹其他的幫助增加蜜蜂數(shù)量的方法，故A項(xiàng)正確。 三、七選五 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　1　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　2　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring persons survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　 3 　 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 4 　 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 　 5 　 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure bees active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear bees active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，作者講的是有關(guān)冒險(xiǎn)的科學(xué)的探索方面的內(nèi)容。 1.F 【解析】選項(xiàng)F中的＂weigh risks and rewards＂與上文的＂weigh the risk and the reward＂相呼應(yīng)，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。 2.C 【解析】選項(xiàng)C中的＂Being better at those things＂與上文的＂were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring＂相呼應(yīng)，因此選C。 3.A 【解析】前文說人們有各種不同的性格，因此你可能喜歡賽車，或者討厭賽車，故A項(xiàng)＂這完全是由你的性格決定的＂符合語境。 4.E 【解析】根據(jù)上文的＂your willingness...teenage years＂及下文的＂hunger for new experiences...＂可知E項(xiàng)符合語境。 5.G 【解析】根據(jù)空后的＂For the risk-seekers...bees active＂可知，此處講的是面對(duì)緊張的局面時(shí)我們的大腦會(huì)有不同的反應(yīng)，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。