高中英語語法句法篇復(fù)習(xí)含解析+高中優(yōu)秀作文:行與生活的真諦
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高中英語語法句法篇復(fù)習(xí)含解析+高中優(yōu)秀作文:行與生活的真諦最常見到的四種特殊句式:全部倒裝、部分倒裝、省略句和反意疑問句。1 全部倒裝1. There be 句型:可以用在這類句型中的動詞除 be 外,還可用 live,exist,remain,stand 等作謂語。例如:(1) There are many students in the classroom.(2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物動詞+主語”的句型中,或以 out,in,up,down,away 等副詞開頭的句子里,以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:Here comes the bus.Out went the children.3. 由 then 引起,謂語為 come,follow 的句子。例如:(1) Then came a new difficulty.(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4. 當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語時,也常常引起全部倒裝。例如:In the middle of our school stands a high building.5. 表語放在句首時,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+系動詞+主語”。表語常為形容詞、過去分詞和介詞短語。例如:(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.2 部分倒裝1. only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句置于句首。例如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.注意:①在 only+狀語從句+主句結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)但從句用正常語序。Only when you have finished your homework(從句用正常語序) can you go to the cinema.②only 修飾主語,不倒裝。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.2. 否定詞(短語)開頭的句子:表示否定意義的副詞 never,nor,neither;xk;w表示半否定意義的副詞 hardly,few,seldom,little;含有 no 和 not 的詞組 by no means(絕不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何時候都不),not until, not only … but also.,no sooner.than(1) Never shall I believe you again.(2) Little did he know who the woman was.(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.3. 以 so 開頭,用“so+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞+主語”表明前面敘述的肯定情況也適合于另一個人或物,譯作“也,同樣,也如此”。表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個人或物,用“neither/nor+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞+主語”。譯作“也不是,也沒有”。例如:The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.-I don’t think I can walk any further.—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.注意:當(dāng) so 表示對前句內(nèi)容的肯定、附和或進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)前面所說的情況,譯作“的確,正是”時,用正常語序。例如:— Tom works hard.— So he does and so do you.4. 如果虛擬條件句的謂語含有 were,should,had,可以把 if省略,而將這三個詞放于條件句主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。例如:If there should be a flood, what would we do?Should there be a flood, what would we do?5. 頻度副詞及短語 often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day 等放在句首時,有時也倒裝。例如:Many a time has he come to comfort me.6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒裝語序。 例如:May you succeed!3 省略句1. 如果復(fù)合句中的時間、條件、原因狀語從句用了主語+be+分詞結(jié)構(gòu),且主、從句主語一致時,可省略從句的連接詞、主語和 be 動詞,只保留分詞和其他成分。例如:Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (Lost in thought 為 As he was lost in thought 的省略)2. 如復(fù)合句中從句的句尾和主句相重復(fù)的話,從句的句尾可省略。例如:(1) Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).(2) Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won’t (sweep the floor).3. 在回答問句及其他形式的答語中,如有和上文重復(fù)的不定式時,在答語中只保留其不定式符號 to,而把動詞和其他部分省略。例如:— I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?— Not at all. I’d be happy to. (I’d be happy to 后省略了 look after your cat)4. 在英語中,有一些特殊的省略結(jié)構(gòu),如:What/How about.? Why not do.?等實(shí)際上已形成了習(xí)慣用法。例如:— I usually go there by train.— Why not try going by boat for a change?4 反意疑問句反意疑問句是指當(dāng)提問的人對前面所敘述的事實(shí)不敢肯定,而需要向?qū)Ψ郊右宰C實(shí)時所提出的問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:前一部分是一個陳述句,后一部分是一個簡單問句。完成后一部分簡單問句時,要根據(jù)前面陳述句的動詞時態(tài)和人稱來選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦釉~進(jìn)行提問,前后兩部分的人稱和動詞時態(tài)要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分為否定式,后一部分要用肯定式。1、反意疑問句的一般情況(1) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是 everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody 等時,其附加部分的主語強(qiáng)調(diào)全部可用they,強(qiáng)調(diào)個體也可用 he。例如:Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t he?Everyone knows what money means, doesn’t he/don’t they?(2) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞 this,that 或 these,those時,附加問句中的主語分別用 it 和 they。例如:This is important, isn’t it?These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?(3) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是 everything,anything,nothing 等時,附加問句中的主語用 it。例如:Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?(4) 陳述部分帶有否定詞或半否定詞,如:never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none, no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little 等,附加問句一般用肯定式。例如:She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?2、常見句型的反意疑問句(1) 當(dāng)陳述部分是 there be 句型時,其后的附加問句也用there。There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow, won’t there?(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑問句問題:①祈使句是否定形式,附加疑問部分只能用 will you。Don’t forget the meeting, will you?xk,w②祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑問部分用肯定、否定均可。Give me some cigarettes, will you/ won’t you?3、復(fù)合句的反意疑問句當(dāng)陳述部分是“I’m sure,I’m afraid,I don’t think (suppose,expect,imagine,believe 等)+賓語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)時,附加問句應(yīng)與從句主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系,但要注意陳述部分的否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。例如:I’m sure that he is late for school, isn’t he?I don’t think she cares, does she?4、關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句(1) 陳述部分中有 have/had to,附加疑問句部分通常用 do 的相應(yīng)形式代替。例如:You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus, don’t you?(2) 陳述部分中是 mustn’t 表示“禁止”時,附加疑問句部分用 must;陳述部分中的 must 表示“一定、想必”等推測意義時,附加疑問句部分則是根據(jù)陳述部分的謂語動詞或其助動詞來定。例如:You mustn’t walk on the grass, must you?You must be very thirsty, aren’t you? (對想在情況的推測)It must have snowed last night, didn’t it? (對過去情況的推測)(3) 陳述部分是 I wish,表示詢問或征求意見,附加疑問部分用 may I。例如:I wish to see you again, may I?5 強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型1. 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+ that/ who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人)+ 其他部分。eg. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他撞見李萍是在昨天。2. 一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:同上,只是把 is/ was 提到 it前面。eg. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句:針對 I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.4. 注意:構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的 it 本身沒有詞義;強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用 that, who,即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時也如此,that, who 不可省略;強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時態(tài)只用兩種,一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進(jìn)行時,用 It was …… ,其余的時態(tài)用 It is …… 6 not … until … 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型為:It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其他部分eg. 普通句:He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.強(qiáng)調(diào)句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意:此句型只用 until,不用 till.7 謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)It is/ was …… that …… 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語,如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時,用助動詞 do/ does 或 did.eg. Do sit down. 務(wù)必請坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時,務(wù)必(千萬)要小心?。∽⒁猓捍朔N強(qiáng)調(diào)只用 do/ does 和 did,沒有別的形式;過去時用 did,后面的謂語動詞用原形。【真題演練】【2017·天津卷】It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】【2016·江蘇】.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encouraged B. had they encouragedC. did they encourage D. they encouraged【答案】C【解析】地區(qū)開展與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的活動。故 C 正確?!?015·湖南】Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keep B. to have keptC.keep D.have kept【答案】C 高中優(yōu)秀作文:行與生活的真諦你駕著馬車在這崎嶇的路上不停地奔波,馬車上顛簸著你的美酒與寂寞,你愿意車子能永遠(yuǎn)不停,然而馬突然頓住了,你定睛一看,路,走到了盡頭。真的沒有路了?你一陣暈眩,不由自主的,你已淚濕雙目,聲聲抽泣轉(zhuǎn)為號啕大哭……言行,是出人意料的。雪花狂翔,玉宇成瑞,好一片雪夜!你不禁來了興致,于是執(zhí)書抱酒,踏雪尋友!哦,你是要找山陰郡的王遼么?你迫不及待地登上船連呼要快,船走了。過了些時候終于到了他的家門口。然而,你竟又要掉頭而走,船侍驚詫地轉(zhuǎn)向你,你一臉地坦然:“我本是乘興而來,興致盡了,便回去。”思想是出人意料的。而我心卻已了然。泥路高低不平,阮藉信馬由韁任其前行,只愿轉(zhuǎn)移那抑郁蔓延著的心情。司馬大權(quán)下,你嬉笑怒罵,偃仰嘯歌,世俗的禮法讓你顯得如此不和諧;亂世于你不容;如今天地于你不容。天穹蒼茫,竟也載不下你的孤歌與漂泊。于是,你只有身心俱裂地來一句“窮途之哭”了。馬不識途,天不知音。這一哭,東風(fēng)嗚咽,孤雁哀鳴,倒也在情理之中了。王子猷是個那么放浪形骸的人,他的興至而歌、興去而悲也是讓人只覺得可愛而不覺頑劣。這一個個千古的流傳卻已讓人覺得合乎情、順乎理了。生活便是這樣。有許多的出乎意料讓人耐不住揣摩,然而,要結(jié)合其人,結(jié)合其事,細(xì)細(xì)想來,竟成了真哲。因?yàn)闆]有一眼看到盡頭的路,即使路很平坦。因?yàn)闆]有無變化的云彩,即使其姿態(tài)看上去都是輕逸而淡白。它們展于人、顯于世的情態(tài)往往讓你措手不及??墒牵沸枰?,方知其中的延綿與悠遠(yuǎn);云需要賞,才能懂其變幻的意韻與神奇。生活的意韻悠長,合情合理,其實(shí)都蘊(yùn)于那不可理喻的措手不及,不是嗎?- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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