摘 要
起重機(jī)是用來對(duì)物料做起重、運(yùn)輸、裝卸和安裝等作業(yè)的機(jī)械設(shè)備，它可以減輕體力勞動(dòng)、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和在生產(chǎn)過程中進(jìn)行某些特殊的工藝操作，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化。起升機(jī)構(gòu)包括電動(dòng)機(jī)、制動(dòng)器、減速器、卷筒和滑輪組。電動(dòng)機(jī)通過減速器，帶動(dòng)卷筒轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，使鋼絲繩繞上卷筒或從卷筒放下，以升降重物。
本文就十噸橋式起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)做設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，確定起升機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)方案，確定起升機(jī)構(gòu)工作級(jí)別，對(duì)起升機(jī)構(gòu)的主要部件卷筒、鋼絲繩、滑輪等鋼絲繩卷繞系統(tǒng)，電動(dòng)機(jī)、聯(lián)軸器、減速器等驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，驗(yàn)證卷筒壁壓應(yīng)力，卷筒應(yīng)力，確定吊鉤裝置構(gòu)造方案，吊鉤橫梁，滑輪軸的計(jì)算等。對(duì)起升機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行的過程，包括起升速度、起升和制動(dòng)時(shí)間進(jìn)行計(jì)算和驗(yàn)算。
關(guān)鍵詞：傳動(dòng)方案；卷繞系統(tǒng)；驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置；起升運(yùn)行
Abstract
Crane is used to start heavy materials, transportation, handling and installation of machinery and equipment and other operations, which can reduce manual labor, improve labor productivity and in the production process for some special process operation, mechanization and automation. Lifting mechanism includes a motor, brake, reducer, drum and pulley. Motor through reducer, driving drum rotation, so that the wire rope around the drum or from a roll down to lift heavy loads.
In this paper, ten tons crane hoisting mechanism to do the design calculations to determine the transmission scheme lifting mechanism, hoisting mechanism to determine the working level of the main components of the hoisting mechanism drum, wire rope, wire rope winding system pulleys, motors, United coupling, reducer drives the design calculations, validation reel wall stress, stress reel, hook device is configured to determine program, hook beams, pulley shaft calculation. Hoisting mechanism for running processes, including the lifting speed, lifting and braking time calculations and checking.
Keywords: transmission scheme; winding system; drive; lifting operation
目錄
摘 要 III
Abstract IV
目錄 V
1 緒論 1
1.1 橋式起重機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)介 1
1.2 起重機(jī)械的發(fā)展 2
1.3 起重機(jī)械的特點(diǎn) 2
2 起升機(jī)構(gòu)主要部件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 4
2.1主要參數(shù) 4
2.2確定起升機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)方案 4
2.3 確定吊鉤和滑輪組 5
2.4 鋼絲繩的計(jì)算 6
2.4.1 鋼絲繩所受最大拉力 6
2.4.2 鋼絲繩允許的偏斜角 7
2.5 卷筒的計(jì)算 8
2.5.1 卷筒材料 8
2.5.2 卷筒直徑計(jì)算 8
2.5.3 卷筒長(zhǎng)度 8
2.5.4 卷筒壁壓應(yīng)力驗(yàn)算 8
2.5.5 卷筒應(yīng)力驗(yàn)算 9
2.6 繩端固定裝置的計(jì)算 10
2.7 取物裝置 12
2.7.1 確定吊鉤裝置構(gòu)造方案 12
2.7.2 吊鉤主體結(jié)構(gòu)的主要尺寸的計(jì)算 12
2.7.3 吊鉤強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 13
2.7.4 吊鉤彎曲部分?jǐn)嗝鍭-A強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 13
2.7.5 吊鉤彎曲部分?jǐn)嗝鍮-B強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 14
2.7.6 推力球軸承的選擇 14
2.7.7 吊鉤橫梁的計(jì)算 15
2.7.8 滑輪軸的計(jì)算 16
2.7.9 拉板的強(qiáng)度校核 17
3 起升運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.1 力矩的計(jì)算 19
3.1.1 平穩(wěn)上升階段 19
3.1.2 平穩(wěn)下降階段 20
3.1.3 上升起動(dòng)階段 20
3.1.4 下降制動(dòng)階段 22
3.2 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇 22
3.2.1 電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率確定 22
3.2.2 驗(yàn)算電動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)熱條件 23
3.3 減速器的選擇 23
3.3.1 減速器傳動(dòng)比 23
3.3.2 減速器的選取 23
3.3.3 輸出軸強(qiáng)度校核 23
3.4 起升速度和實(shí)際所需功率 24
3.4.1 實(shí)際速度 24
3.4.2 實(shí)際功率 24
3.5 制動(dòng)器的選擇 24
3.6 起升和制動(dòng)時(shí)間驗(yàn)算 25
3.6.1 起動(dòng)時(shí)間驗(yàn)算 25
3.6.2 制動(dòng)時(shí)間驗(yàn)算 26
3.7.1 疲勞計(jì)算 26
3.7.2 強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 27
4 總結(jié)與展望 29
4.1 總結(jié) 29
4.2 展望 29
致 謝 30
參考文獻(xiàn) 31