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專題八動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞 1 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出 對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查主要在語法與情景對(duì)話和完形填空中 一般側(cè)重于兩點(diǎn) 1 動(dòng)詞語境的辨析 2 近義動(dòng)詞的辨析 需要考生平時(shí)多練多積累 解答實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的語境辨析類試題 首先要確定四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的含義 然后分析語境 找出關(guān)鍵詞 或前后的邏輯關(guān)系 確定正確答案 因此考生在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過程中 需要重點(diǎn)積累并掌握實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法 具體如下 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能夠獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞 按其句法功能可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 按其持續(xù)性可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 1 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 1 及物動(dòng)詞自身意義不完整 需要接賓語才能使其意思完整 常見的帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有 give bring buy get leave lend offer pass teach tell等 如 Pleasepassmethesalt 請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我 2 不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整 不需要接賓語 如 come go listen work等 如 Horsesrunfast 馬跑得快 2 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 1 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的 可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用 如 live study keep teach等 如 Youcankeepthisbookfortwoweeks 這本書你可以保留兩周 2 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作 動(dòng)作一發(fā)生便立刻結(jié)束 不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用 如果要連用 就要用其他詞代替 如 buy lend die borrow stop arrive join come等 如 Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears 那個(gè)老人已經(jīng)去世兩年了 此處不能用hasdied 1 Everyoneshouldhavedreams Withdreamsandhardwork anythingamazingcanbe A metB createdC expectedD practiced2 I mgreatlyinterestedinthispainting It thepainter slovefornature A expressesB discussesC realizesD imagines3 I llalwaysstandbyyouwhenyouareinneed It sniceofyou Yoursupportisreally A appreciatedB thankedC helpedD depended 考點(diǎn)小練 A B A 4 Mymotheraskedto myclothesbymyselfyesterday A makeB cookC washD plant5 Thedrivershaveto thetrafficrulesandcontrolthemselvesiftheywanttobesafeontheroad A followB breakC makeD plan A C 2 系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義 但不能單獨(dú)作謂語 必須和表語 形容詞 名詞或介詞 短語 一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) 說明主語的狀態(tài) 性質(zhì) 特征或身份 常見的系動(dòng)詞如 6 Thissilkdress sosmooth ItmustbemadeinChina A soundsB feelsC seemsD tastes7 Theweatherinspring warmerandwarmer A staysB becomesC growsD touches8 Sh toostrictwithherchildren A seemsB appearsC remainsD feels 考點(diǎn)小練 B B A 3 近 反義動(dòng)詞的辨析 常見的反義動(dòng)詞accept接受 refuse拒絕ask問 answer reply回答win贏 lose輸begin開始 end結(jié)束 finish完成borrow借入 lend借出buy買 sell賣get find找到 獲得 lose丟失pass通過 fail未通過push推 pull拉laugh笑 cry哭like love喜歡 愛 hate討厭remember記住 forget忘記send寄出 receive收到sleep睡覺 wake醒來stop停止 continue keep繼續(xù)bring帶來 take帶走 常見的近義動(dòng)詞win beat 詳解見本書P60 dress wear puton be in 詳解見本書P24 speak tell talk say 講解見本書P23 2017蘭州53題 borrow lend keep 講解見本書P102 spend take cost pay 講解見本書P34 2017省卷47題 hear listen sound 講解見本書P41 give provide offer supply 講解見本書P61 receive accept 講解見本書P84 take bring carry fetch 講解見本書P14 watch look see read 講解見本書P14 reach arrive gettoattend join joinin takepartin 講解見本書P157 9 It stoonoisy Wecouldn t eachotherclearly A listenB soundC hearD speak10 Youreallyshouldn t somuchmoneyonit A costB spendC payD take11 Fatherwon t ustotouchanythinginhisroomwhenheisaway Hethinksthatwemaybreaksomethingup A receiveB allowC sendD stop12 Nomatterwhatyoumay hewillnotbelieveyou A talkB tellC readD say13 Weall everythingwesaw Becauseseeingisbelieving A doubtB agreeC believeD disagree 考點(diǎn)小練 B C C D B 4 動(dòng)詞短語 同一動(dòng)詞型 2017省卷31題 2017蘭州31題 1 take短語takeexercise鍛煉takecareof照顧takeoff脫掉 飛機(jī)等 起飛takeout取出takepartin參加takeashower洗澡 淋浴takepridein感到自豪takealook看一下2 do make短語makeprogress取得進(jìn)步dosomereading readabook讀書 閱讀dohomework做家庭作業(yè)makemoney掙錢 賺錢dosports做運(yùn)動(dòng)3 look短語lookafter照顧lookdown看 lookup抬頭lookout向外看 同一介詞 副詞型1 up短語getup起床lookup查找mixup混合putup張貼 舉起turnup出現(xiàn) 調(diào)高giveup放棄pickup撿起setup搭建growup長(zhǎng)大statup熬夜2 at短語lookat看laughat嘲笑shoutat對(duì) 大喊smileat對(duì) 微笑3 for短語lookfor尋找payfor付款leavefor前往waitfor等待4 back短語turnback返回getback找回lookback向后看giveback返還 不同動(dòng)詞 不同介詞 副詞talkabout談?wù)揷areabout在意 關(guān)心thinkof想起 想到hearof聽說giveaway贈(zèng)送 分發(fā)findout查明shoutat沖 大聲叫standfor代表 其他型 動(dòng)詞 名詞 washyoursocks洗襪子singasong唱歌get buyaspecialgift present購(gòu)買特別的禮物goforawalk散步 14 Thisfoodisfree Youdon thaveto it A lookforB payforC askforD waitfor15 Janeisverybusythesedays forshehasalotofproblemsto A dealwithB keepupwithC agreewithD comeupwith16 Ourcountryistakingactionto airpollution A cutdownB cutupC cutoutD cutoff 考點(diǎn)小練 B A A