588_重型自卸車設(shè)計(底盤設(shè)計)（有cad圖）,重型,卸車,設(shè)計,底盤,cad 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 重型自卸車設(shè)計（底盤設(shè)計） 摘要 此次設(shè)計的非公路自卸車適應(yīng)于多種特定用途，是土方運輸和各種露天礦剝巖、沙土運輸?shù)慕?jīng)濟、高效、低耗的運輸設(shè)備。該車具有為適應(yīng)重載工況而特殊設(shè)計的懸掛系統(tǒng)、加強型寬體驅(qū)動橋、14.00-24型寬大工程輪胎，使該車具有超強承載能力，同時提供了超強的附著能力，保證了車輛的制動穩(wěn)定性和良好的通過性，采用了大速比工程驅(qū)動橋，其輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩比同功率公路車大30%以上，爬坡能力強勁，重載起步順暢。 本說明書主要是對KD6400整車總體布置做了一個詳細(xì)的說明，其中包括整車主要尺寸（長*寬*高），前后軸距，輪距，軸荷分配的選擇和計算以及各總成（發(fā)動機，傳動系）的主要參數(shù)的選擇。 特別對整車的動力性和經(jīng)濟性做了比較全面而細(xì)致的分析和計算，對動力性分析時，分別作出了驅(qū)動力—行駛阻力平衡圖，動力特性圖，功率平衡圖。求出汽車的最大速度，另外也對汽車在不同的路面上行駛時，分別計算出了其最大爬坡度，并根據(jù)加速度倒數(shù)曲線求出汽車的加速時間，估算了該車的加速性能。在計算汽車的經(jīng)濟性時，根據(jù)發(fā)動機萬有特性曲線，作出了9擋時的燃油消耗曲線，同時計算得整車的百公里燃油消耗量。通過計算結(jié)果顯示，此汽車在動力性和經(jīng)濟性方面滿足了設(shè)計任務(wù)書的要求。 另外本文也對汽車的穩(wěn)定性和最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑做了計算和分析，并根據(jù)經(jīng)驗估算出了空載和滿載時汽車的質(zhì)心位置以及軸荷分配。 關(guān)鍵詞：承載能力，附著能力，制動穩(wěn)定性，通過性，動力性，經(jīng)濟性 V DESIGN OF HEAVE –DUTY DUMP (CHASSIS DESIGN) ABSTRAC The non –highway heavy-duty dump truck of this design can adapt many kinds of given purpose.It is an economical,efficient and low useful conveyance for hillock transport,sand transport and all kind of outdoor mineral.It has especially desingned suspension system,strengthen widen project driving axle and 14-24type big wide project tales,this cause the truck possess preeminent bearing,at the same time ,this kind of tale can cause big climbing force,assuring the truck has brake stability and good transition.It is counted high rate riving axle,its output torque is 30 point bigger than the road vehicle which are at the same power. This book mainly give an expatiation about the vehicle general layout of the heavy dumper KD6400,including the vehicle dimensions(long*wide*high),the distribution of axle load in front and back ,the choice and calculation about the main parameter of the vehicle’s main components(engine,transmission)and so on. Especially in the dynamic property and economic performance,we give an overall and meticulo us analysis and calculation .In the dynamic property ,we made the driving force-road resistance equilibrium diagram,the dynamic factor diagram and the power balance diagram.From those diagram,we can get the maximum speed.We also calculated the maximum grade ability at different road ,according the acceleration curve:we can get the accelerating ability.According to the engine-cross sectional characteristic diagram,we made the fule consumption of 100km. In fact,the vehicle’s main parameters all come to the misson book ‘request. Morever ,we made an anlysis and calculation of the stability and minimum turning radius and estimated the distribution of axle load when there is no load and full load and the position of the vehicle’s center of mass. Key words:carrying capacity, adhesive ability, braking stability, trafficability characteristic, power performance, economical efficiency. 目 錄 第一章 前言………………………………………………………………………………...1 第二章 參考車型技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)……………………………………………………………...3 第三章 汽車主要技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定…………………………………………………….4 §3.1 汽車主要尺寸的確定……………………………………………………………...4 §3.2 汽車質(zhì)量參數(shù)的確定……………………………………………………………...5 §3.3 發(fā)動機主要參數(shù)…………………………………………………………………...6 §3.4 輪胎的選擇………………………………………………………………………...7 §3.5 傳動比的選取……………………………………………………………………...7 §3.6 最大傳動比的選取…………………………………………………………….......8 §3.7 變速器各擋傳動比………………………………………………………………...9 第四章 軸荷分配及質(zhì)心位置的計算………………………………………………..10 §4.1 水平靜止時的軸荷分配及質(zhì)心位置的計算……………………………………..10 §4.2 汽車行駛時的軸荷分配的計算…………………………………………………..12 §4.3 汽車制動時的軸荷分配的計算………………………………………………….13 第五章 穩(wěn)定性計算…………………………………………………………..14 §5.1 縱向穩(wěn)定性……………………………………………………………………….14 §5.2 橫向穩(wěn)定性……………………………………………………………………….14 §5.3 最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑的計算…………………………………………………………….14 §5.4 在橫向坡上轉(zhuǎn)向時的穩(wěn)定性…………………………………………………….15 第六章 汽車動力性計算…………………………………………………………….....16 §6.1 汽車各擋速度的計算……………………………………………………………16 §6.2 汽車各擋驅(qū)動力的計算…………………………………………………………16 §6.3 汽車空氣阻力的計算……………………………………………………………17 §6.4 滾動阻力系數(shù)的計算……………………………………………………………18 §6.5 汽車行駛時動力因數(shù)D的計算………………………………………………...19 §6.6 各擋牽引功率Pe的計算………………………………………………………..19 §6.7 阻力功率的計算…………………………………………………………………20 §6.8 汽車加速度的計算………………………………………………………………21 §6.9 加速度倒數(shù)的計算………………………………………………………………22 §6.10 汽車爬坡度的計算………………………………………………………………22 第七章 汽車的燃油經(jīng)濟性…………………………………………………………....24 第八章 結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………………26 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………..27 致謝………………………………………………………………………………………...28